NDLI: Liquid seaweed extracts identified using $^{1}$H NMR profiles

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Craigie, James S. MacKinn, Shawna L. Walter, John A.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Aqueous extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum and several other brown seaweeds are manufactured commercially and widely distributed for use on agricultural crops. The increasingly regulated international trade in such products requires that they be standardized and defined to a degree not previously required. We examined commercially available extracts using quantitative $^{1}$H NMR and principal components analysis (PCA) techniques. Extracts manufactured over a 4-year period using the same process exhibited characteristic profiles that, on PCA, clustered as a discrete group distinct from the other commercial products examined. In addition to recognizing extracts made from different seaweeds, analysis of the $^{1}$H spectra in the 0.35–4.70 ppm region allowed us to distinguish amongst extracts produced from the same algal species by different manufacturers. This result established that the process used to make an extract is an important variable in defining its composition. A comparison of the $^{1}$H NMR integrals for the regions 1.0–3.0 ppm and 3.0–4.38 ppm revealed small but significant changes in the A. nodosum spectra that we attribute to seasonal variation in gross composition of the harvested seaweed. Such changes are reflected in the PCA scores plots and contribute to the scatter observed within the data point cluster observed for Acadian soluble extracts when all data are pooled. Quantitative analysis using $^{1}$H NMR (qNMR) with a certified external standard (caffeine) showed a linear relationship with extract concentration over at least an order of magnitude (2.5–33 mg/mL; R $^{2}$ > 0.97) for both spectral regions integrated. We conclude that qNMR can be used to profile (or “fingerprint”) commercial seaweed extracts and to quantify the amount of extract present relative to a suitably chosen standard.
Starting Page	665
Ending Page	671
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09218971
Journal	Journal of Applied Phycology
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15735176
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2007-08-16
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ascophyllum nodosum Brown algae Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra Quantitative NMR Standards Ecology Plant Physiology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Aquatic Science

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