NDLI: GMOs and Global Justice: Applying Global Justice Theory to the Case of Genetically Modified Crops and Food

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Toft, Kristian Høyer
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Proponents of using genetically modified (GM) crops and food in the developing world often claim that it is unjust not to use GMOs (genetically modified organisms) to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. In reply, the critics of GMOs claim that while GMOs may be useful as a technological means to increase yields and crop quality, stable and efficient institutions are required in order to provide the benefits from GMO technology. In this debate, the GMO proponents tend to rely on a simple utilitarian type of calculus that highlights the benefits of GMOs to the poor, but that overlooks the complex institutional requirements necessary for GMO production. The critics, recognizing the importance of institutional conditions, focus primarily on the negative impacts of institutional deficiencies, thereby overlooking the basically Rawlsian claim that institutions per se may generate claims to justice. This article investigates how GMOs might generate claims to global justice and what type of justice is involved. The paper argues that the debate on GMOs and global justice can be categorized into three views, i.e., the cosmopolitan, the pluralist, and the sceptic. The cosmopolitan holds that GMOs can and should be used for alleviating global hunger, whereas the sceptic rejects this course of action. I will argue here for a moderately cosmopolitan approach, relying on the pluralist view of institutions and the need to exploit the benefits of GMOs. This argument rests on the premise that global cooperation on GMO production provides the relevant basis for assessing the use of GMOs by the standard of global distributive justice.
Starting Page	223
Ending Page	237
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	11877863
Journal	Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1573322X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2010-09-23
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Global justice Basic structure Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) International law WTO Borlaug hypothesis Plant Sciences Evolutionary Biology Theory of Medicine/Bioethics Ethics Agricultural Economics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry History Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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