NDLI: Verbal Descriptors for VoIP Speech Sounds

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Cermak, Gregory W.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Laboratory studies with human observers were used to develop and apply a set of qualitative verbal descriptors for the sound of digital speech signals in a packet network under various loads of packet loss and jitter. The specific set of speech samples used were derived from 24 systems that were combinations of– G.729A vs. G.711 codecs,– Produced by two manufacturers,– With three levels of packet delay variation (“jitter”) introduced by a packet network emulator, and– Three levels of packet loss, also by means of the emulator.Each system was represented by a set of speech samples that had been recorded through it. A suite of verbal descriptors developed in a preliminary study was used to distinguish among the set of speech samples, and thereby the systems. Speech samples that had gone through one kind of system had a different profile of ratings than speech that had gone through other kinds of systems. Statistical analysis showed that the descriptors discriminated among all the experimental variables and most of their interactions. The system variables with the greatest effect on sound character were packet loss and a combination of codec and manufacturer. The qualitative descriptors also predicted overall subjective quality of the speech.
Starting Page	81
Ending Page	91
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13812416
Journal	International Journal of Speech Technology
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15728110
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Signal, Image and Speech Processing Communication
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Human-Computer Interaction Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software Linguistics and Language

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