NDLI: Is the Clavicle of Apes Long? An Investigation of Clavicular Length in Relation to Body Mass and Upper Thoracic Width

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kagaya, Miyuki Ogihara, Naomichi Nakatsukasa, Masato
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	An elongated clavicle is one of the distinct features of apes and humans. It plays an important role in providing mobility as well as stability for the shoulder joints. The relative length of the clavicle is an especially important factor in limiting the range of shoulder joint excursion. It is said that among primates, Asian apes, i.e., gibbons and orang-utans, have very long clavicles. At the same time, they also have a wide upper thoracic cage, which may diminish the effective length of the clavicle. To clarify the length of the clavicle in apes, from the standpoint of the functional anatomy of the shoulder girdle, we examined clavicular length in 15 anthropoid species exhibiting various positional behaviors. The results confirm that clavicle length in Asian apes is long, and chimpanzees have a short clavicle like that of Old and New World monkeys, when scaled to body mass. The clavicular length of chimpanzees, however, is intermediate between Old World monkeys and Asian apes when scaled against thoracic width. Therefore, living apes can be grouped together, albeit just barely, by possession of a relatively long clavicle for their thoracic cage size. Interestingly, New World monkeys tend to exhibit a longer clavicle than Old World monkeys of equivalent body mass or thoracic cage width. Although it is unclear whether the ancestral condition of clavicular length in anthropoids was similar to that of living Old or New World monkeys, an elongation of clavicle was an important step toward evolution of the modern body plan of hominoids.
Starting Page	209
Ending Page	217
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01640291
Journal	International Journal of Primatology
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15738604
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2010-04-17
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	arboreal adaptation clavicle shoulder girdle shoulder mobility thoracic morphology Animal Genetics and Genomics Zoology Anthropology Human Genetics Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Is the Clavicle of Apes Long? An Investigation of Clavicular Length in Relation to Body Mass and Upper Thoracic Width