NDLI: Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes: A Simulation of Production and Consumption Using Administrative Documents

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wernke, Steven A. Whitmore, Thomas M.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, indigenous communities in the Viceroyalty of Peru suffered forced resettlement, introduced disease, and onerous colonial tribute levies. These produced an onslaught of petitions for new tribute counts, as their diminished populations were obliged to pay the head taxes set by earlier censuses. The resulting visitas (administrative surveys) provide a wealth of information on the demography and agricultural systems of colonial Andean communities. However, comparatively little quantitative research exists on the distribution of agricultural resources and the nutritional demands of households. We model agricultural production and nutritional demand using household demographic and landholding declarations in the visitas from the Colca Valley of southern highland Peru, combined with ethnographically-derived estimates of agricultural production and nutritional demand. The results indicate that despite surplus agricultural production in the aggregate, there were significant differences in intra- and inter-community land wealth and production sufficiency ratios, leaving about 30% of households with caloric shortfalls. In contrast to regional-scale carrying capacity-type models, this simulation characterizes agricultural inequality within colonial Andean communities, and thus accounts for the hardship evidenced by tributary recount petitions, even in a breadbasket province from which much surplus production was extracted to fill colonial coffers.
Starting Page	421
Ending Page	440
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03007839
Journal	Human Ecology
Volume Number	37
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15729915
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2009-07-14
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Indigenous land use Agriculture Historical demography Subsistence simulation Colonialism Andes Sociology Geography (general) Environmental Management Anthropology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Sociology and Political Science Ecology Arts and Humanities Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Health (social science) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Anthropology

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