NDLI: Testing and Modeling the Short-Term Behavior of Lime and Fly Ash Treated Sulfate Contaminated CL Soil

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mohammed, Ahmed Vipulanandan, Cumaraswamy
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	In this study, the effects of calcium sulfate contaminated soil treatment methods on the index properties, compacted soil properties, free swelling and compressive stress strain relationship of a CL soil obtained from the field was investigated. Calcium sulfate concentration in the soil was varied up to 4 % (40,000 ppm) and the soil samples were cured for seven days at 25 °C and 100 % humidity before testing. With 4 % sulfate contamination the liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil increased by 44 and 81 % respectively. The free swelling increased from 7 to 18 % and the compressive strength decreased by 65 % with 4 % of calcium sulfate, Also the study investigated the effects of fly ash (class C) and hydrated lime treatment on the behavior of treated sulfate soils. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the soil and the reaction products of lime and fly ash treated soils. Based on XRD analyses, major constituents of the CL soil were calcium silicate (CaSiO3), aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5), magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) and quartz (SiO2). Addition of calcium sulfate resulted in the formation of calcium silicate sulfate [Ternesite Ca5(SiO4)2SO4] and aluminum silicate sulfate [Al5(SiO4)2SO4]. Treatment with lime resulted in the formation of ettringite [Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O]. Treating with fly ash resulted in the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CaSiO3H2O) and magnesium silicate hydrate (Mg3SiO3H2O), cementing by products. Contaminated soil treatment with lime and fly ash reduced the index properties and free swelling and increased the short-term compressive strength of the soil. Behavior of the compacted sulfate soils, with and without treatment, has been quantified using a unique model that was used to represent both linear and nonlinear responses. Also the model predications were compared with other published data in the literature. Compressive stress–strain relationships of the sulfate soil, with and without lime and fly ash, have been quantified using a nonlinear constitutive model. The constitutive model parameters were sensitive to the calcium sulfate content and the type of treatment. Compared to the fly ash treatment, the lime treatment reduced the strain at peak stress making the lime treated soil more brittle.
Starting Page	1099
Ending Page	1114
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09603182
Journal	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
Volume Number	33
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15731529
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-05-05
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Calcium sulfate Free swelling Compaction Compressive strength Lime Fly ash Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hydrogeology Terrestrial Pollution Waste Management/Waste Technology Civil Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Geology Architecture Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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