NDLI: Does dietary tocopherol level affect fatty acid metabolism in fish?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mourente, Gabriel Bell, J. Gordon Tocher, Douglas R.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Fish are a rich source of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acids, which are vital constituents for cell membrane structure and function, but which are also highly susceptible to attack by oxygen and other organic radicals. Resultant damage to PUFA in membrane phospholipids can have serious consequences for cell membrane structure and function, with potential pathological effects on cells and tissues. Physiological antioxidant protection involves both endogenous components, such as free-radical-scavenging enzymes, and exogenous dietary micronutrients including tocopherols and tocotrienols, the vitamin E-type compounds widely regarded as the primary lipid-soluble antioxidants. The antioxidant activities of tocopherols are imparted by their ability to donate their phenolic hydrogen atoms to lipid (fatty acid) free radicals, resulting in the stabilization of the latter and the termination of the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. However, tocopherols can also prevent PUFA peroxidation by acting as quenchers of singlet oxygen. Recent studies on marine fish have shown correlations between dietary and tissue PUFA/tocopherol ratios and incidence of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the levels of thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARS) and isoprostanes. These studies also showed that feeding diets containing oxidized oil significantly affected the activities of liver antioxidant defence enzymes and that dietary tocopherol partially attenuated these effects. However, there is evidence that dietary tocopherols can affect fatty acid metabolism in other ways. An increase in membrane PUFA was observed in rats deficient in vitamin E. This was suggested to be due to overproduction of PUFA arising from increased activity of the desaturation/elongation mechanisms responsible for the synthesis of PUFA. Consistent with this, increased desaturation of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in hepatocytes from salmon fed diets deficient in tocopherol and/or astaxanthin has been observed. Although the mechanism is unclear, tocopherols may influence the biosynthesis of n-3PUFA through alteration of cellular oxidation potential or peroxide tone.
Starting Page	269
Ending Page	280
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09201742
Journal	Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
Volume Number	33
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15735168
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2007-07-07
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Vitamin E α-tocopherol Antioxidant defence enzymes Lipid peroxidation Zoology Animal Biochemistry Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology Animal Physiology Hydrobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Medicine Biochemistry Aquatic Science

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