Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Shaw, Alan Epling, William McKenna, Christy Weckman, Beth |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | Hot surfaces are known ignition sources for flammable and combustible liquid fuels released from motor vehicles. In automobile fires, this has been termed hot surface ignition (HSI). It can occur on any heated vehicle component including the exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. In this study, infrared (IR) thermography was used to measure surface temperatures and record the evaporation and ignition events for gasoline, diesel and bio-diesel fuels applied as single droplets to two heated surfaces: 409 stainless steel and a stainless steel heat shield. The data were used to determine the temperature range and ignition probability, from no-ignition to ignition, for the various fuel/surface combinations. The critical temperatures and ignition probability were different for the different fuels on the same hot surface. Similarly, the ignition probability curves and temperature ranges for a given fuel were not the same for both material surfaces, indicating a material effect on ignition. The minimum HSI temperature of gasoline on stainless steel was 520°C, with 100% ignition probability at 660°C. The HSI temperatures for the biodiesels, for the most part, were found to be in the same range as those for traditional diesel, with minimum values for ignition near 450°C and 100% ignition probability at 500°C. HSI temperatures for aged 5% soy-based diesel and a 5% tallow-containing diesel did not fall in this range, while a 100% soy-based bio-diesel exhibited a unique and more violent vapor ignition on the heated heat shield surface. On surfaces exposed to repeated ignition tests, the ignition probability curve also changed indicating the importance of the local nature of the surface to the critical ignition temperature. It is evident that characteristics of the hot surfaces, such as composition, geometry, aging, contamination and catalytic effects play a significant role in determining critical temperatures and ignition probabilities for HSI events. The minimum surface temperature and the temperature range resulting in an ignition event are summarized for the different fuels and compared with available auto-ignition temperature data. |
| Starting Page | 407 |
| Ending Page | 423 |
| Page Count | 17 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00152684 |
| Journal | Fire Technology |
| Volume Number | 46 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 15728099 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2009-04-08 |
| Publisher Place | Boston |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | hot surface ignition bio-fuel automotive safety Physics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Mechanics Civil Engineering |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Materials Science Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|