NDLI: Performance Assessment of Pressurized Stairs in High Rise Buildings

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Performance Assessment of Pressurized Stairs in High Rise Buildings

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bellido, C. Quiroz, A. Panizo, A. Torero, J. L.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Pressurized stair cases are an important part of the fire safety strategy of high rise buildings. Long egress times are compensated by creating safe environments within egress staircases allowing the displacement time within those stairs as time where occupants can be considered safe. The main mechanisms by which stairs are “made safe” are by guaranteeing structural protection of the enclosure and by elevating the pressure within the stair to ensure that smoke cannot enter. Despite the critical importance of this element of the fire safety strategy, the analysis and implementation of these systems remain simplified. Simple models have been developed using Bernoulli type formulations that account for static pressure and empirical constants to calculate flows through doors and other leakage areas. Implementation of these systems is even more simplified, consisting mainly of a direct feedback loop that controls a fan output on the basis of a pressure measurement inside the stair. The flow induced by the fan guarantees a minimum pressure. The pressure inside the stair needs to be limited to enable doors to be open, thus pressure dampers are introduced to release airflow in the event the pressure exceeds a specified maximum. Validation of these methodologies was done in the 70s and 80s with very limited field validation in real systems. This study presents an assessment of the performance of pressurized staircases in six high rise buildings. All systems have been designed using a similar methodology but implemented in different ways. In all cases the control mechanism for the fan is a direct feedback loop from a single pressure sensor. The results have been evaluated showing the limitations of the control system in the event of multiple doors being opened and the limitations of the pressure release dampers (as a response mechanism) if the pressure becomes unstable.
Starting Page	189
Ending Page	200
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00152684
Journal	Fire Technology
Volume Number	45
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15728099
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2009-01-23
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	smoke management pressurized stairs control Physics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Mechanics Civil Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Science Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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Special Issue on Fire Safety of High-Rise Buildings

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Driving Forces for Smoke Movement and Management

A Study on the Reliability of Fire Water Supply System in High-rise Buildings

A Fire Safety Assessment System for Existing Buildings

Simplified Model of Smoke Dispersion in Buildings by Stack Effect

A Review of Fire Resistance Expectations for High-Rise UK Apartment Buildings

Editorial: Existing Buildings

Enclosure Smoke Filling and Management with Mechanical Ventilation

Performance Assessment of Pressurized Stairs in High Rise Buildings

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Special Issue on Fire Safety of High-Rise Buildings

A Fire Safety Evaluation System for Prioritizing Fire Improvements in Old High-rise Buildings in Hong Kong

Driving Forces for Smoke Movement and Management

A Study on the Reliability of Fire Water Supply System in High-rise Buildings

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