NDLI: Effect of Wind on Smoldering Combustion Limits of Moist Pine Needle Beds

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Valdivieso, Juan Pablo Rivera, Juan de Dios
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	We studied moist pine needle beds burning under the effect of wind, in order to determine the upper moisture limit for which there is fire propagation for different wind velocities. For this purpose we built a wind tunnel that allowed us to burn a 600 mm by 150 mm by 40 mm bed under wind velocities between 0.5 m/s and 5.0 m/s and controlled air temperature. Results show an increase in moisture limit from 54% to approximately 140%, for the velocity range indicated. Combustion at limiting conditions proceeds mainly by smoldering with some periods of flaming combustion. It was observed that, for conditions close to extinction, the smoldering front is not quenched at the surface. Additionally, it was also observed that a strong flow of hot gases exit from the fuel bed at the free surface. These two observations lead to the conclusion that the main heat sink is moisture evaporation and that heat losses to the surroundings is reduced by the blowing effect of the hot gases coming off the bed. A dimensional analysis suggests a correlation between moisture limit and wind velocity of the form M = A − B/ $$ {v} $$ w 2 , where M is moisture limit for fire propagation, A and B are constants, and $$ {v} $$ w is wind speed. Two dimensionless numbers helped to plot the smoldering temperature and fire propagation velocity in a more meaningful way. They are $$ Π_{1} = {{T_{sml} c_{p,g} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{T_{sml} c_{p,g} } {v_{w}^{2} }}} \right. -0pt} {v_{w}^{2} }} $$ and $$ Π_{2} = {{Mh_{fg} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{Mh_{fg} } {v_{w}^{2} }}} \right. -0pt} {v_{w}^{2} }} $$ , where T sml is smoldering temperature, c p,g is the gas specific heat, M is fuel moisture content and h fg is the latent heat of water evaporation. A relatively high moisture limit at 5 m/s wind velocity is possible due to the relatively high air flow into the smoldering front and the efficient heat feedback produced in forward smoldering.
Starting Page	1589
Ending Page	1605
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00152684
Journal	Fire Technology
Volume Number	50
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15728099
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2013-08-17
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Wildfire Smoldering Fire propagation Moist fuel Fuel bed Civil Engineering Mechanics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Materials Science Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
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