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Neighbours matter: natural selection on plant size depends on the identity and diversity of the surrounding community

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Neighbours matter: natural selection on plant size depends on the identity and diversity of the surrounding community

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Parachwitsch, Amy L. Cook Patton, Susan C. McArt, Scott H.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Plant diversity can affect ecological processes such as competition and herbivory, and these ecological processes can act as drivers of evolutionary change. However, surprisingly little is known about how ecological variation in plant diversity can alter selective regimes on members of the community. Here, we examine how plant diversity at two different scales (genotypic and species diversity) impacts natural selection on a focal plant species, the common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). Because competition is frequently relaxed in both genotypically and species rich plant communities, we hypothesized that increasing diversity would weaken selection on competitive ability. Changes in plant diversity can also affect associated arthropod communities. Therefore, we hypothesized that diversity would alter selection on plant traits mediating these interactions, such as herbivory related traits. We grew 24 focal O. biennis genotypes within four different neighbourhoods: genotypic monocultures or polycultures of O. biennis, and species monocultures or polycultures of old-field species that commonly co-occur with O. biennis. We then measured genotypic selection on nine plant traits known to be ecologically important for competition and herbivory. Focal O. biennis plants were smaller, flowered for shorter periods of time, had lower fitness, and experienced greater attack from specialist predispersal seed predators when grown with conspecifics versus heterospecifics. While neither conspecific nor heterospecific diversity altered trait means, both types of diversity altered the strength of selection on focal O. biennis plants. Specifically, selection on plant biomass was stronger in conspecific monocultures versus polycultures, but weaker in heterospecific monocultures versus polycultures. We found no evidence of selection on plant traits that mediate insect interactions, despite differences in arthropod communities on plants surrounded by conspecifics versus heterospecifics. Our data demonstrate that plant genotypic and species diversity can act as agents of natural selection, potentially driving evolutionary changes in plant communities.
Starting Page	1139
Ending Page	1153
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02697653
Journal	Evolutionary Ecology
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15738477
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2014-07-23
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Biodiversity Biomass Community driven selection Genotypic selection Natural selection Oenothera biennis Evolutionary Biology Plant Sciences Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Relationships between arthropod richness, evenness, and diversity are altered by complementarity among plant genotypes

Data from: Genotypic diversity mitigates negative effects of density on plant performance: a field experiment and life-cycle analysis of common evening primrose Oenothera biennis (Dataset)

Data from: Fitness consequences of occasional outcrossing in a functionally asexual plant (Oenothera biennis) (Dataset)

Data from: The influence of range-wide plant genetic variation on soil invertebrate communities (Dataset)

The contribution of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) to a modern synthesis of evolutionary ecology

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Biodiversity Effects on Biomass Production and Invasion Resistance in Annual versus Perennial Plant Communities

Neighbours matter: natural selection on plant size depends on the identity and diversity of the surrounding community

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Relationships between arthropod richness, evenness, and diversity are altered by complementarity among plant genotypes

Data from: Genotypic diversity mitigates negative effects of density on plant performance: a field experiment and life-cycle analysis of common evening primrose Oenothera biennis (Dataset)

Data from: Fitness consequences of occasional outcrossing in a functionally asexual plant (Oenothera biennis) (Dataset)

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Neighbours matter: natural selection on plant size depends on the identity and diversity of the surrounding community