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An experimental test to compare potential and realised specificity in ticks with different ecologies

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Oosten, A. Raoul Heylen, Dieter J. A. Elst, Joris Philtjens, Sophie Matthysen, Erik
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The majority of studies on ecological specialisation rely on data reflecting realised specificity, without considering species’ potential specificity. Most species of ticks, a large family of hematophagous ectoparasites, have a narrow host range in nature, but it is unclear whether this is due to host-driven adaptations or other processes (such as off-host abiotic environment). We investigated the potential specificity of two tick species with contrasting ecology by infesting three avian host species that occur in the same off-host macrohabitat but are unequally infested by the ticks in nature (i.e. have contrasting realised specificity). The endophilic specialist tick Ixodes arboricola resides inside the hosts’ nest and has high realised host specificity, whereas the exophilic generalist tick I. ricinus encounters hosts in the field and has very low realised specificity. As hosts, we used great tits (frequently infested by both tick species), blackbirds (frequently infested by I. ricinus but never by I. arboricola) and great spotted woodpeckers (no ticks of either species have been reported). If realised specificity is constrained by host-driven adaptations there should be no differences between potential and realised specificity, whereas if realised specificity is constrained by other processes potential specificity and realised specificity should be different. We found that attachment rates and weight during feeding of I. arboricola were lower on blackbirds than on great tits, whereas there were no such differences for I. ricinus. No ticks of either species attached to woodpeckers. These results indicate that realised host specificity of ticks is, at least partially, constrained by host-driven adaptations. This specificity therefore strongly depends on the ticks’ encounter rates with particular host types, which are affected by the ticks’ off-host ecological requirements, behaviour and life-history characteristics.
Starting Page	487
Ending Page	501
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02697653
Journal	Evolutionary Ecology
Volume Number	30
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15738477
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-12-24
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Habitat specialisation Host specificity Ixodes arboricola Ixodes ricinus Ectoparasites Evolutionary Biology Ecology Plant Sciences Animal Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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Relative density of host-seeking ticks in different habitat types of south-western Slovakia

Host specificity of a bird-specialised endophilic ectoparasite, the tree-hole tick Ixodes arboricola

Habitat and occurrence of ixodid ticks in the Liguria region, northwest Italy

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia spp. in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Latvia

Shrub clearing adversely affects the abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks

Host specialization in habitat specialists and generalists

The influence of conspecific chemical cues on walking behavior of Ixodes ricinus males

Host Seeking Activity of Ixodes Ricinus Ticks Based on Daily Consecutive Flagging Samples

Predictors of individual performance and evolutionary potential of life-history traits in a hematophagous ectoparasite

An experimental test to compare potential and realised specificity in ticks with different ecologies

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