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Phenotypic plasticity and optimal timing of metamorphosis under uncertain time constraints

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rudolf, Volker H. W. Rödel, Mark Oliver
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Life-history theory suggests that optimal timing of metamorphosis should depend on growth conditions and time constraints under which individuals develop. Current models cannot make reliable predictions for species in ephemeral habitats where individuals often face an increasing mortality risk over time because these models assume time-invariant mortality rates (i.e., daily mortality rates remain constant) and fixed seasons. We examined the plasticity of growth, development, and body mass at metamorphosis in tadpoles of the tree-hole breeding frog Phrynobatrachus guineensis in relation to an unpredictable time constraint in the field and in controlled experiments along a fixed density and food gradient. Mean mass and age at metamorphosis of sibships were positively correlated with per capita food level. Based on our results, we developed a simple model of the optimal timing of metamorphosis under time-dependent mortality rates showing that development rates are not only adjusted to growth conditions but also to time-variant mortality rates. The increasing mortality rate represents a time constraint that favors a reduced larval period, but because it is based on probabilities of survival it allows a trade-off between development time and mass. We extend this model to different types of time constraints and show that it can predict the range of documented reaction norms. Differences between species in␣the correlation of age and mass at metamorphosis may have evolved due to differences in their time-variant mortality rates.
Starting Page	121
Ending Page	142
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02697653
Journal	Evolutionary Ecology
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15738477
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-08-10
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Amphibians Complex life cycles Development Growth rate Mortality risk Desiccation risk Adaptation Life history evolution Human Genetics Plant Sciences Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Data from: Correlated evolution of phenotypic plasticity in metamorphic timing (Dataset)

Data from: Testing the role of phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation: growth and development in time-constrained Rana temporaria populations (Dataset)

Effects of growth rates on development to metamorphosis in the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera

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Microgeographic variation in temperature-induced plasticity in an isolated amphibian metapopulation

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Phenotypic plasticity and optimal timing of metamorphosis under uncertain time constraints

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Evolution of complex life cycles of amphibians: bridging the gap between metapopulation dynamics and life history evolution

Data from: Correlated evolution of phenotypic plasticity in metamorphic timing (Dataset)

Data from: Testing the role of phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation: growth and development in time-constrained Rana temporaria populations (Dataset)

Effects of growth rates on development to metamorphosis in the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera

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