NDLI: Potential environmental fate of elsinochrome A, a perylenequinone toxin produced in culture by bindweed biocontrol fungus Stagonospora convolvuli LA39

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ahonsi, M. O. Boss, D. Maurhofer, M. Défago, G.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The photosensitizing perylenequinone toxin elsinochrome A (EA) is produced in culture by the bindweed biocontrol fungus Stagonospora convolvuli LA39 where it apparently plays a pathogenicity related role. We investigated the fate of EA with reference to its stability under different temperature and light conditions. EA remained stable when boiled in water at 100°C for 2 h. Similarly, exposing EA to 3–27°C in the dark for up to 16 weeks did not affect its stability either in dry or in aqueous form. However, results from irradiation experiments indicate that direct photolysis may be a significant degradation pathway for EA in the environment. EA either in dry form or dissolved in water was degraded by different irradiation wavelengths and intensities, with degradation plots fitting a first order rate kinetics. EA degraded faster if exposed in aqueous form, and at higher quantum flux density (μmol s−1 m−2). Sunlight was more effective in degrading EA than artificial white light and ultraviolet radiations (UV-A or UV-B). Exposing EA to natural sunlight, particularly, during the intense sunshine (1,420–1,640 μmol −1 m−2) days of 30 July to 5 August 2004 in Zurich caused the substance to degrade rapidly with half-life under such condition only 14 h. This implies that should EA gets into the environment, particularly on exposed environmental niches, such as on plant surfaces through biocontrol product spray, or released from shed diseased leaves, it may have no chance of accumulating to ‘level of concern’. Furthermore, a toxicity assay using Trichoderma atroviride P1 as biosensor showed that photo-degraded EA was not toxic, indicating that no stable toxic by-products were left.
Starting Page	183
Ending Page	193
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02511088
Journal	Environmentalist
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15732991
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2006-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Biological control agents (BCAs) Convolvulus Environmental contamination and toxicity Fungal metabolites High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Photo-degradation Photolysis Photo-sensitizers Risk assessment Stability Nature Conservation Ecology Economic Geology Environmental Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science

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