NDLI: Spatio-temporal surveillance of water based infectious disease (malaria) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan using geostatistical modeling techniques

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ahmad, Sheikh Saeed Aziz, Neelam Butt, Amna Shabbir, Rabia Erum, Summra
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	One of the features of medical geography that has made it so useful in health research is statistical spatial analysis, which enables the quantification and qualification of health events. The main objective of this research was to study the spatial distribution patterns of malaria in Rawalpindi district using spatial statistical techniques to identify the hot spots and the possible risk factor. Spatial statistical analyses were done in ArcGIS, and satellite images for land use classification were processed in ERDAS Imagine. Four hundred and fifty water samples were also collected from the study area to identify the presence or absence of any microbial contamination. The results of this study indicated that malaria incidence varied according to geographical location, with eco-climatic condition and showing significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Hotspots or location of clusters were identified using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Significant clustering of malaria incidence occurred in rural central part of the study area including Gujar Khan, Kaller Syedan, and some part of Kahuta and Rawalpindi Tehsil. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship of risk factors with the disease cases. Relationship of different land cover with the disease cases indicated that malaria was more related with agriculture, low vegetation, and water class. Temporal variation of malaria cases showed significant positive association with the meteorological variables including average monthly rainfall and temperature. The results of the study further suggested that water supply and sewage system and solid waste collection system needs a serious attention to prevent any outbreak in the study area.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01676369
Journal	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume Number	187
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	15732959
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-08-07
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Geostatistical modeling Hotspots Global Moran’s I test statistics Ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis Land use classification Epidemiological studies Environmental Monitoring/Analysis Environmental Management Ecotoxicology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Medicine Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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