NDLI: The Effects of Ammonia on SO2 Emissions in a Fluidized Bed Combustor Under Pseudo-Staged Combustion

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Khan, W. Z.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The reduction of SO2 by ammonia gas additionduring staged combustion of bituminous coal has beenstudied in a 2 m high fluidized bed combustor of 30 cmstatic bed height and a freeboard height of 100 cm.The coal was introduced to the combustor at 42 cmabove the distributor and the ammonia gas was injectedat 52 cm above the distributor by an uncooledstainless steel injector. Experiments were carriedout to investigate effects of ammonia gas injection onSO2 emissions of (i) air staged levels, (ii) excess air levels, (iii) primary air factor, PAF(ratio of primary to stoichiometric air), (iv) NH3:SO2 molar ratio, and (v) fluidizingvelocity. Experiments were carried out under a newtechnique of air staging called Pseudo-stagedCombustion, maintaining the excess air level andfluidizing velocity between 17 and 70% and between0.7 and 2.0 m sec-1, respectively. A maximum reduction of92% was obtained at 37% excess air, at NH3:SO2 molar ratio of 5.5. The effective NH3:SO2 molar ratio was found to be between 3.0 and5.5, which is true for all staging and excess air levels.A greater removal of SO2 with NH3 injectionduring staged combustion is probably due to this newstaging technique. The Pseudo-staging reducestemperature through the freeboard and flue for theoccurance of as NH3 + SO2 reactions. Thesereactions are reported to be low temperaturereactions. The NH3 carry over was less than 83 ppm for all operating conditions. The present studydemonstrates that staged combustion coupled withammonia injection can reduce SO2 emissions.
Starting Page	123
Ending Page	142
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01676369
Journal	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume Number	71
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15732959
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2001-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ecology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Environmental Management Monitoring/Environmental Analysis/Environmental Ecotoxicology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Medicine Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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