NDLI: Assessment of carcinogenic heavy metal levels in Brazilian cigarettes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Viana, Gustavo Freitas de Sousa Garcia, Karina S. Menezes Filho, Jose Antonio
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Several studies have associated high cancer incidence with smoking habits. According to IARC, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) are carcinogenic to humans. These metals are present in cigarettes and their levels vary according to geographical region of tobacco cultivation, fertilizer treatment, plant variety etc. This study aims to assess these metal levels in cigarettes commercialized in Brazil. Three cigarettes of each 20 different brands were individually weighed, the tobacco filling removed, and homogenized. After desiccation, samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion. Analyses were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean levels for Pb, Cd, As, Ni, and Cr were, respectively, 0.27 ± 0.054, 0.65 ± 0.091, 0.09 ± 0.024, 1.26 ± 0.449, and 1.43 ± 0.630, in micrograms per gram of tobacco. No correlation was observed between Cd and any other metal analyzed. A mild correlation (r = 0.483, p < 0.05) was observed between Pb and Cr levels. Strong significant (p < 0.01) correlations were observed between Ni and Cr (r = 0.829), Ni and As (r = 0.799), Ni and Pb (r = 0.637), and between Cr and As (r = 0.621). Chromium and Ni levels were significantly higher in cigarettes from a multinational manufacturer. Our results show a high variability in heavy metal levels in cigarettes, representing an important exposure source of smokers and passive smokers to carcinogenic substances.
Starting Page	255
Ending Page	265
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01676369
Journal	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume Number	181
Issue Number	1-4
e-ISSN	15732959
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2010-12-14
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cigarette Cancer Tobacco Heavy metals Atomic absorption spectrometry Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Ecology Environmental Management Ecotoxicology Environmental Monitoring/Analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Medicine Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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