NDLI: The As-Contaminated Elqui River Basin: a Long Lasting Perspective (1975–1995) Covering the Initiation and Development of Au–Cu–As Mining in the High Andes of Northern Chile

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The As-Contaminated Elqui River Basin: a Long Lasting Perspective (1975–1995) Covering the Initiation and Development of Au–Cu–As Mining in the High Andes of Northern Chile

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The As-Contaminated Elqui River Basin: a Long Lasting Perspective (1975–1995) Covering the Initiation and Development of Au–Cu–As Mining in the High Andes of Northern Chile

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Oyarzun, R. Guevara, S. Oyarzún, J. Lillo, J. Maturana, H. Higueras, P.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The Elqui watershed (northern Chile) constitutes a highly contaminated river system, with arsenic exceeding by up to three orders of magnitude the average for river waters. There are three main reasons that explain this contamination: (1) the regional geology and hydrothermal (mineralizing) processes that developed in this realm during Miocene time; (2) the later unroofing–erosion–oxidation–leaching of As–Cu rich sulfide ores, a process that have been taking place for at least 10,000 years; and last but not least (3) mining activities at the high-altitude (>4000 m above sea level) Au–Cu–As El Indio mine, from the late 1970s onwards. The El Indio mineral deposit hosted large veins of massive sulfides, including the important presence of enargite (Cu3AsS4). The continuous natural erosion of these veins and their host rocks (also rich in As and Cu) during Holocene time, led to important and widespread metal dispersion along the river system. During the studied pre mining period (1975–1977), the high altitude river Toro waters already showed very large As concentrations (0.36–0.52 mg l−1). The initiation of full scale mining at El Indio (1980 onwards) led to an increase of these values, reaching a concentration of 1.51 mg l−1 As in 1995. During the same year other rivers of the watershed reached peak As concentrations of 0.33 (Turbio) and 0.11 mg l−1 (Elqui). These figures largely exceed the USEPA regulations for drinking water (0.01 mg l−1 As), and about 10% of the total As data from the river Elqui (and 70% from the river Turbio) are above the maximum level allowed by the Chilean law for irrigation water (0.1 mg l−1 As).
Starting Page	431
Ending Page	443
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02694042
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15732983
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2006-06-04
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Arsenic Contamination Waters Mining Elqui watershed Chile Public Health/Gesundheitswesen Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Geochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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The As-Contaminated Elqui River Basin: a Long Lasting Perspective (1975–1995) Covering the Initiation and Development of Au–Cu–As Mining in the High Andes of Northern Chile