NDLI: Unraveling the antibacterial mode of action of a clay from the Colombian Amazon

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Londo, Sandra Carolina Williams, Lynda B.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Natural antibacterial clays can inhibit growth of human pathogens; therefore, understanding the antibacterial mode of action may lead to new applications for health. The antibacterial modes of action have shown differences based on mineralogical constraints. Here we investigate a natural clay from the Colombian Amazon (AMZ) known to the Uitoto natives as a healing clay. The physical and chemical properties of the AMZ clay were compared to standard reference materials: smectite (SWy-1) and kaolinite (API #5) that represent the major minerals in AMZ. We tested model Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC #25922) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC #6633) bacteria to assess the clay’s antibacterial effectiveness against different bacterial types. The chemical and physical changes in the microbes were examined using bioimaging and mass spectrometry of clay digests and aqueous leachates. Results indicate that a single dose of AMZ clay (250 mg/mL) induced a 4–6 order of magnitude reduction in cell viability, unlike the reference clays that did not impact bacterial survival. AMZ clay possesses a relatively high specific surface area (51.23 m2/g) and much higher total surface area (278.82 m2/g) than the reference clays. In aqueous suspensions (50 mg clay/mL water), soluble metals are released and the minerals buffer fluid pH between 4.1 and 4.5. We propose that the clay facilitates chemical interactions detrimental to bacteria by absorbing nutrients (e.g., Mg, P) and potentially supplying metals (e.g., Al) toxic to bacteria. This study demonstrates that native traditional knowledge can direct scientific studies.
Starting Page	363
Ending Page	379
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02694042
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Volume Number	38
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15732983
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-06-09
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Antibacterial clay Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis Medical geology Environmental Health Geochemistry Terrestrial Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Environmental Chemistry Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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