NDLI: Assessment of sulfurous springs in the west of Iraq for balneotherapy, drinking, irrigation and aquaculture purposes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Awadh, Salih Muhammad Al Ghani, Sura Abdul
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	This research deals with the sulfurous spring waters flow along the course of the Euphrates River in western Iraq in the area extended between Haqlaniya and Hit within the Al-Anbar governorate. Eleven springs (3 in Haqlanya, 4 in Kubaysa and 4 in Hit) have been addressed for the purpose of water evaluation for balneology, drinking, irrigation and aquaculture (fish farming). In order to meet the objectives of this research, all springs were sampled and analyzed for the total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+), major anions (SO4 2−, Cl−, HCO3 − and CO3 2−), minor anions (PO4 3−and NO3 −) as well as the trace elements that included Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Br, F, Ba, B, Sr, Al, As, Cr, Hg and Se. The International Standards of World Health Organization are used for assessing the water quality. The results revealed that the springs belong to the tepid springs of 27–30 °C and classified as hypothermal to the thermal springs. Lithochemistry and geochemical processes clearly affected the water chemistry. The hydrogeochemical processes are responsible for the element enrichment in water by the chemical dissolution of carbonate and gypsum and evaporation as well. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using spring water for therapeutic purposes, but not allowed for drinking and aquaculture (fish farming), except those free of H2S gas. On the other hand, it can be used for irrigation with risk. However, soil type as well as proper selection of plants should be taken into consideration.
Starting Page	359
Ending Page	373
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02694042
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15732983
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-07-26
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Aquaculture Balneotherapy Iraq Irrigation Springs Environmental Health Geochemistry Terrestrial Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Environmental Chemistry Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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