NDLI: Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Freydier, Laurène Lundgren, Jonathan G.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Weed resistance to glyphosate and development of new GM crops tolerant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and dicamba is expected to lead to increased use of these herbicides in cropland. The lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata is an important beneficial insect in cropland that is commonly used as an indicator species in safety evaluations of pesticides. Here, we examined the lethal and non-lethal effects of 2,4-D and dicamba active ingredients and commercial formulations to this lady beetle species, and tested for synergistic effects of the herbicides. Second instars of lady beetles were exposed to an experimental treatment, and their mortality, development, weight, sex ratio, fecundity, and mobility was evaluated. Using similar methods, a dose–response study was conducted on 2,4-D with and without dicamba. The commercial formulation of 2,4-D was highly lethal to lady beetle larvae; the LC90 of this herbicide was 13 % of the label rate. In this case, the “inactive” ingredients were a key driver of the toxicity. Dicamba active ingredient significantly increased lady beetle mortality and reduced their body weight. The commercial formulations of both herbicides reduced the proportion of males in the lady beetle population. The herbicides when used together did not act synergistically in their toxicity toward lady beetles versus when the chemistries were used independently. Our work shows that herbicide formulations can cause both lethal and sublethal effects on non-target, beneficial insects, and these effects are sometimes driven by the “inactive” ingredients. The field-level implications of shifts in weed management practices on insect management programs should receive further attention.
Starting Page	1270
Ending Page	1277
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09639292
Journal	Ecotoxicology
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15733017
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-06-09
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Coleomegilla maculata GM crop Herbicide tolerant crop Pesticide Risk assessment Sublethal effects Environment Ecotoxicology Ecology Environmental Management
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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