NDLI: Estimate CO2 storage capacity of the Johansen formation: numerical investigations beyond the benchmarking exercise

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wei, Lingli Saaf, Fredrik
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	In this paper, Shell’s in-house reservoir simulator MoReS is applied to a recently introduced CO2 sequestration benchmark problem entitled “Estimation of the CO2 Storage Capacity of a Geological Formation” (Class et al. 2008). The principal objective of this benchmark is the simulation of CO2 distribution within a modeling region, and leakage of CO2 outside of it, for a period of 50 years. This study goes beyond the benchmarking exercise to investigate additional factors with direct relevance to CO2 storage capacity estimations: water and gas relative permeabilities, permeability anisotropy, presence of sub-seismic features (conductive fractures, thin shale layers), regional hydrodynamic gradient, CO2-enriched brine convection (due to brine density differences), and injection rates. The effects of hydrodynamic gradients and gravitationally induced convection only become significant over 100 s of years. This study has thus extended simulation time to 1,000 years. It is shown that grid resolution significantly impacts results. Vertical-grid refinement results in larger and thinner CO2 plumes. Lateral-grid refinement delays leakage out of the model domain and reduces injection pressure for a given injection rate. Sub-seismic geological features such as fractures/faults and shale layers are demonstrated to have impact on CO2 sequestration. Fractures located up-dip from the injector may lead to more leakage while the opposite may happen in the presence of fractures perpendicular to the dip. Thin shale layers produce stacked CO2 blankets. They should be explicitly represented instead of being upscaled using a reduced vertical to horizontal permeability ratio. Results are seen to be far more sensitive to gas relative permeability and hysteresis than to variations in the water relative permeability models used. For a multi-injectors project, there is scope to optimize the phasing of injections to avoid potential fracturing near injectors.
Starting Page	451
Ending Page	467
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14200597
Journal	Computational Geosciences
Volume Number	13
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15731499
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2009-03-26
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carbon dioxide Geological storage Numerical modeling Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics Soil Science & Conservation Hydrogeology Geotechnical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computers in Earth Sciences Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Computational Mathematics

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