NDLI: Clusters of alpha satellite on human chromosome 21 are dispersed far onto the short arm and lack ancient layers

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ziccardi, William Zhao, Chongjian Shepelev, Valery Uralsky, Lev Alexandrov, Ivan Andreeva, Tatyana Rogaev, Evgeny Bun, Christopher Miller, Emily Putonti, Catherine Doering, Jeffrey
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Human alpha satellite (AS) sequence domains that currently function as centromeres are typically flanked by layers of evolutionarily older AS that presumably represent the remnants of earlier primate centromeres. Studies on several human chromosomes reveal that these older AS arrays are arranged in an age gradient, with the oldest arrays farthest from the functional centromere and arrays progressively closer to the centromere being progressively younger. The organization of AS on human chromosome 21 (HC21) has not been well-characterized. We have used newly available HC21 sequence data and an HC21p YAC map to determine the size, organization, and location of the AS arrays, and compared them to AS arrays found on other chromosomes. We find that the majority of the HC21 AS sequences are present on the p-arm of the chromosome and are organized into at least five distinct isolated clusters which are distributed over a larger distance from the functional centromere than that typically seen for AS on other chromosomes. Using both phylogenetic and L1 element age estimations, we found that all of the HC21 AS clusters outside the functional centromere are of a similar relatively recent evolutionary origin. HC21 contains none of the ancient AS layers associated with early primate evolution which is present on other chromosomes, possibly due to the fact that the p-arm of HC21 and the other acrocentric chromosomes underwent substantial reorganization about 20 million years ago.
Starting Page	421
Ending Page	436
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09673849
Journal	Chromosome Research
Volume Number	24
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15736849
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2016-07-18
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	alpha satellite chromosome 21 chromosome evolution centromere acrocentric chromosome chromosome mapping Cell Biology Human Genetics Animal Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics & Genomics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics

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