NDLI: Multi-technique surface characterization of bio-based films from sisal cellulose and its esters: a FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS approach

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rodrigues, Bru V. M. Heikkilä, Elina Frollini, Elisabete Fardim, Pedro
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Bio-based films were prepared from LiCl/DMAc solutions containing sisal cellulose esters (acetates, butyrates and hexanoates) with different degrees of substitution (DS 0.7–1.8) and solutions prepared with the cellulose esters and 20 wt% sisal cellulose. A novel approach for characterizing the surface morphology utilized field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and contact angle analysis. XPS and ToF-SIMS were a powerful combination while investigating both the ester group distribution on the surface and effects of cellulose content on the film. The surface coverage by ester aliphatic chains was estimated using XPS measurements. Fibrous structures were observed in the FE-SEM images of the cellulose and bio-based films, most likely because the sisal cellulose chains aggregated during dissolution in LiCl/DMAc. Therefore, the cellulose aggregates remained after the formation of the films and removal of the solvent. The XPS results indicated that the cellulose loading on the longer chain cellulose esters films (DS 1.8) increased the surface coverage by ester aliphatic chains (8.2 % for butyrate and 45 % for hexanoate). However, for the shortest ester chains, the surface coverage decreased (acetate, 42 %). The ToF-SIMS analyses of cellulose acetate and cellulose hexanoate films (DS 1.8) revealed that the cellulose ester groups were evenly distributed across the surface of the films.
Starting Page	1289
Ending Page	1303
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09690239
Journal	Cellulose
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1572882X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-02-28
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Sisal cellulose Cellulose esters films Surface analysis XPS ToF-SIMS Bioorganic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Organic Chemistry Polymer Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Polymers and Plastics

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