NDLI: The flavonoid rutin induces astrocyte and microglia activation and regulates TNF-alpha and NO release in primary glial cell cultures

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The flavonoid rutin induces astrocyte and microglia activation and regulates TNF-alpha and NO release in primary glial cell cultures

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Silva, A. R. Pinheiro, A. M. Souza, C. S. Freitas, S. R. V. B. Vasconcellos, V. Freire, S. M. Velozo, E. S. Tardy, M. El Bachá, R. S. Costa, M. F. D. Costa, S. L.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Astrocyte and microglia cells play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). They react to various external aggressions by becoming reactive and releasing neurotrophic and/or neurotoxic factors. Rutin is a flavonoid found in many plants and has been shown to have some biological activities, but its direct effects on cells of the CNS have not been well studied. To investigate its potential effects on CNS glial cells, we used both astrocyte primary cultures and astrocyte/microglia mixed primary cell cultures derived from newborn rat cortical brain. The cultures were treated for 24 h with rutin (50 or 100 μmol/L) or vehicle (0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide). Mitochondrial function on glial cells was not evidenced by the MTT test. However, an increased lactate dehydrogenase activity was detected in the culture medium of both culture systems when treated with 100 μmol/L rutin, suggesting loss of cell membrane integrity. Astrocytes exposed to 50 μmol/L rutin became reactive as revealed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression and showed a star-like phenotype revealed by Rosenfeld’s staining. The number of activated microglia expressing OX-42 increased in the presence of rutin. A significant increase of nitric oxide (NO) was observed only in mixed cultures exposed to 100 μmol/L rutin. Enhanced TNFα release was observed in astrocyte primary cultures treated with 100 μmol/L rutin and in mixed primary cultures treated with 50 and 100 μmol/L, suggesting different sensitivity of both activated cell types. These results demonstrated that rutin affects astrocytes and microglial cells in culture and has the capacity to induce NO and TNFα production in these cells. Hence, the impact of these effects on neurons in vitro and in vivo needs to be studied.
Starting Page	75
Ending Page	86
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07422091
Journal	Cell Biology and Toxicology
Volume Number	24
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15736822
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2007-06-05
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Astrocyte Flavonoid Microglia NO Rutin TNF-α Biochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Cell Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology

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