NDLI: Relating Urban Surface-layer Structure to Upwind Terrain for the Salford Experiment (Salfex)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Barlow, J. F. Rooney, G. G. Hünerbein, S. Bradley, S. G.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Profiles of wind and turbulence over an urban area evolve with fetch in response to surface characteristics. Sodar measurements, taken on 22 April 2002 during the Salford Experiment in the UK (Salfex), are here related to upstream terrain. A logarithmic layer up to z = 65m was observed in all half-hour averaged profiles. Above this height the profile showed a different vertical gradient, suggesting a change in surface cover upstream. The drag coefficient varied by a factor of two over only a 20° direction change. Turbulence intensity (σ x ) for each wind component (x) decreased with height, but the ratio suggested an underestimate of σ u compared to previous results. Mean urban and suburban cover fraction within the source area for each height decreased sharply between z = 20 and 50m, increasing slightly above. The near-convergence of cover fractions thus occured for source areas of minimum length ≈ 2,200 m. In comparison, the mean length scale of heterogeneity L P was calculated from surface cover data to be 1,284 m, and the corresponding mean blending height h b was 175 m. Finally, the mean streamline angle, α, was negative and the magnitude decreased with height. An exponential fit to α for z ≤ 65m gave an e-folding height scale of 159 m. A simple relationship between this height scale and L P was assumed, giving L P ≈ 1,080 m, which is in reasonable agreement with the estimate from surface cover type. The results suggest that more emphasis is required on modelling and measuring surface-layer flow over heterogeneous urban canopies.
Starting Page	173
Ending Page	191
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00068314
Journal	Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Volume Number	127
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731472
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2008-01-24
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Sodar Source area Surface heterogeneity Urban boundary layer Urban canopy Wind profile Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Meteorology/Climatology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atmospheric Science

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