NDLI: Four components of the conjugated redox system in organisms: Carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tereshina, E. V. Laskavy, V. N. Ivanenko, S. I.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	C1 compounds participate in various metabolic processes and regulations including DNA methylation. Formaldehyde (FA), a product of methyl group oxidation, is highly cytotoxic. In the cell, there are two pathways of its utilization: assimilation and oxidation. Formaldehyde displays cytotoxicity, and therefore its oxidation is considered as detoxification. The sensitivity to the threshold concentration of FA we regard as an indication of its major role in biosystem functioning. A model of a three-component conjugated redox system is proposed in which the methyl group oxidation pathway is an archaic and conservative donor of protons and electrons, the reduction of O2 serves as an acceptor, and the arginine amino group is used for production of both urea and nitric oxide (the donor and acceptor, respectively). The fourth component of the redox system is glutathione, which maintains redox balance. The three-level system of proton donors includes the oxidation of a methyl group (first level), the oxidation of acetate in mitochondria (second level), and glucose catabolism in the pentose phosphate pathway (third level). The whole redox system is united by the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines, glutathione, thioredoxin, and α-lipoic acid. The central regulatory role in this redox system belongs to glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which controls FA binding with tetrahydrofolic acid, arginine methylation, and denitrosation of sulfhydryl groups. The conjugated redox system was formed during evolution as a union of separate redox cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
Starting Page	1186
Ending Page	1200
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00062979
Journal	Biochemistry (Moscow)
Volume Number	80
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	16083040
Language	English
Publisher	Pleiades Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-09-12
Publisher Place	Moscow
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	redox system formaldehyde arginine hydrogen peroxide sulfhydryl groups regulation Biochemistry Bioorganic Chemistry Microbiology Biomedicine general
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Biophysics Geriatrics and Gerontology

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