NDLI: From humanized mice to human disease: guiding extrapolation from model to target

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Piotrowska, Monika
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Extrapolation from a well-understood base population to a less-understood target population can fail if the base and target populations are not sufficiently similar. Differences between laboratory mice and humans, for example, can hinder extrapolation in medical research. Mice that carry a partial or complete human physiological system, known as humanized mice, are supposed to make extrapolation more reliable by simulating a variety of human diseases. But what justifies our belief that these mice are similar enough to their human counterparts to simulate human disease? I argue that, unless three requirements are met in the process of humanizing mice, very little does. My requirements are not meant to provide necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee a particular outcome. Instead, they serve as a heuristic for guiding scientific judgments involving extrapolation. In developing each requirement, I engage with philosophical issues concerning the nature of model-based science and the mechanistic approach (and its limits) to making generalizations in the life sciences.
Starting Page	439
Ending Page	455
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01693867
Journal	Biology & Philosophy
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15728404
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2012-05-24
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Extrapolation Genetic engineering Humanized mice Mechanism Models Philosophy of Biology Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Philosophy Agricultural and Biological Sciences History and Philosophy of Science

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