NDLI: Spatial and temporal variability of pCO2 and CO2 efflux in seven Amazonian Rivers

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Fátima F. L. Rasera, Maria Krusche, Alex V. Richey, Jeffrey E. Ballester, Maria V. R. Victória, Reynaldo L.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Current estimates of CO2 outgassing from Amazonian rivers and streams have considerable uncertainty since they are based on limited-time surveys of pCO2 measurements along the Amazon mainstem and mouths of major tributaries, using conservative estimates of gas exchange velocities. In order to refine basin-scale CO2 efflux estimates from Amazonian rivers, we present a long time (5-year) dataset of direct measurements of CO2 fluxes, gas transfer velocities and pCO2 measurements in seven representative rivers of the lowland Amazon basin fluvial network, six non-tidal (Negro, Solimões, Teles Pires, Cristalino, Araguaia and Javaés) and one tidal river (Caxiuanã), with sizes ranging from 4th to 9th order. Surveys were conducted from January 2006 to December 2010, in a total of 389 campaigns covering all stages of their hydrographs. CO2 fluxes and gas transfer velocities (k) were measured using floating chambers and pCO2 was measured simultaneously by headspace extraction followed by gas chromatography analysis. Results show high CO2 flux rate variability among rivers and hydrograph stages, ranging from −0.8 to 15.3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, with unexpected negative fluxes in clear-water rivers during low waters. Non-tidal rivers showed marked seasonal CO2 flux patterns, with significantly higher exchange during high waters. Seasonality was modulated by pCO2, which was positive and strongly correlated with discharge. In these rivers k was well correlated with wind speed, which allowed the use of wind data to model k. We estimate a release of 360 ± 60 Tg C year−1 from Amazonian rivers and streams within a 1.47 million km2 quadrant in the central lowland Amazon. Extrapolating these values to the basin upstream of Óbidos, results in an outgassing of 0.8 Pg C to the atmosphere each year. Our results are a step forward in achieving more accurate gas emission values for Amazonian rivers and their role in the annual carbon budget of the Amazon basin.
Starting Page	241
Ending Page	259
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01682563
Journal	Biogeochemistry
Volume Number	116
Issue Number	1-3
e-ISSN	1573515X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-10-19
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Amazon Rivers Carbon cycling CO2 efflux Air–water gas exchange Biogeosciences Ecosystems Environmental Chemistry Life Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth-Surface Processes Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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