NDLI: The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Baron, J. S. Hall, E. K. lan, B. T. Finlay, J. C. Bernhardt, E. S. Harrison, J. A. Chan, F. Boyer, E. W.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Nearly all freshwaters and coastal zones of the US are degraded from inputs of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), sources of which are runoff, atmospheric N deposition, and imported food and feed. Some major adverse effects include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia of fresh and coastal waters, ocean acidification, long-term harm to human health, and increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Nitrogen fluxes to coastal areas and emissions of nitrous oxide from waters have increased in response to N inputs. Denitrification and sedimentation of organic N to sediments are important processes that divert N from downstream transport. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly important denitrification hotspots. Carbon storage in sediments is enhanced by Nr, but whether carbon is permanently buried is unknown. The effect of climate change on N transport and processing in fresh and coastal waters will be felt most strongly through changes to the hydrologic cycle, whereas N loading is mostly climate-independent. Alterations in precipitation amount and dynamics will alter runoff, thereby influencing both rates of Nr inputs to aquatic ecosystems and groundwater and the water residence times that affect Nr removal within aquatic systems. Both infrastructure and climate change alter the landscape connectivity and hydrologic residence time that are essential to denitrification. While Nr inputs to and removal rates from aquatic systems are influenced by climate and management, reduction of N inputs from their source will be the most effective means to prevent or to minimize environmental and economic impacts of excess Nr to the nation’s water resources.
Starting Page	71
Ending Page	92
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01682563
Journal	Biogeochemistry
Volume Number	114
Issue Number	1-3
e-ISSN	1573515X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2012-10-23
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Water resources Rivers Lakes Reservoirs Wetlands Estuaries Groundwater Reactive nitrogen Nitrate Denitrification Climate change Biogeosciences Ecosystems Environmental Chemistry Life Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth-Surface Processes Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology

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