NDLI: Influence of hydrological, biogeochemical and temperature transients on subsurface carbon fluxes in a flood plain environment

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Arora, Bhavna Spycher, Nicolas F. Steefel, Carl I. Molins, Sergi Bill, Markus Conrad, Mark E. Dong, Wenming Faybishenko, Boris Tokunaga, Tetsu K. Wan, Jiamin Williams, Kenneth H. Yabusaki, Steven B.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Flood plains play a potentially important role in the global carbon cycle. The accumulation of organic matter in flood plains often induces the formation of chemically reduced groundwater and sediments along riverbanks. In this study, our objective is to evaluate the cumulative impact of such reduced zones, water table fluctuations, and temperature gradients on subsurface carbon fluxes in a flood plain at Rifle, Colorado located along the Colorado River. 2-D coupled variably-saturated, non-isothermal flow and biogeochemical reactive transport modeling was applied to improve our understanding of the abiotic and microbially mediated reactions controlling carbon dynamics at the Rifle site. Model simulations considering only abiotic reactions (thus ignoring microbial reactions) underestimated CO2 partial pressures observed in the unsaturated zone and severely underestimated inorganic (and overestimated organic) carbon fluxes to the river compared to simulations with biotic pathways. Both model simulations and field observations highlighted the need to include microbial contributions from chemolithoautotrophic processes (e.g., Fe+2 and S−2 oxidation) to match locally-observed high CO2 concentrations above reduced zones. Observed seasonal variations in CO2 concentrations in the unsaturated zone could not be reproduced without incorporating temperature gradients in the simulations. Incorporating temperature fluctuations resulted in an increase in the annual groundwater carbon fluxes to the river by 170 % to 3.3 g m−2 d−1, while including water table variations resulted in an overall decrease in the simulated fluxes. We conclude that spatial microbial and redox zonation as well as temporal fluctuations of temperature and water table depth contribute significantly to subsurface carbon fluxes in flood plains and need to be represented appropriately in model simulations.
Starting Page	367
Ending Page	396
Page Count	30
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01682563
Journal	Biogeochemistry
Volume Number	127
Issue Number	2-3
e-ISSN	1573515X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2016-02-12
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Flood plain Reduced zones Subsurface carbon dynamics Temporal variability Biogeochemical processes Biogeosciences Ecosystems Environmental Chemistry Life Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth-Surface Processes Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology

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