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In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of crude extracts and powdered dry material from Ethiopian wild plants against economically important plant pathogens

A novel method for the quantitative assessment of the percolation of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia through horticultural growing media

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In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of crude extracts and powdered dry material from Ethiopian wild plants against economically important plant pathogens

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tegegne, Girma Pretorius, Johan C.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	In Ethiopia extracts from specific plants are used traditionally as natural fungicides in small scale farming systems where synthetic chemicals are out of reach of the average subsistence farmer while no scientific base exists for this practice. Subsequently, methanolic crude extracts from Dolichos kilimandscharicus and Maerua subcordata roots as well as Phytolacca dodecandra berries were screened in vitro for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr., Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn,, Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces & De Not. and Pythium ultimum Trow, using an agar diffusion method. Compared to the other plants as well as specific standard fungicides for each pathogen, the root extract of D. kilimandscharicus showed the highest broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activity by inhibiting the mycelial growth of three of the six test organisms. Additionally, in vivo antifungal activity of dry powdered material from these plants against sorghum covered (Sporisorium sorghi) and loose kernel (Sporisorium cruentum) smuts was screened under field conditions by artificially inoculating separate sets of sorghum seed with smut spores before treating with plant material or two traditionally used fungicides, Thiram® and Apron Plus® that served as positive controls. Although the incidence of both loose and covered kernel smuts were significantly reduced by material from all plant species, the dry powdered berries of P. dodecandra were most effective. Compared to the untreated control, treatment with the plant material as well as standard fungicides resulted in significant yield increases. It was concluded that a rationale has been established for further investigation into the structured utilization of natural vegetation indigenous to Ethiopia in the agricultural industry.
Starting Page	877
Ending Page	888
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13866141
Journal	BioControl
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15738248
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2007-05-23
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ethiopian wild plants Subsistence farming Antifungal activity Disease control Alternative fungicides Hyphomycetes Agonomycetes Loculoascomycetes Oömycetes Plant Sciences Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Plant Pathology Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Insect Science Agronomy and Crop Science

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