NDLI: Comparison of CO2 Dynamics and Air–Sea Gas Exchange in Differing Tropical Reef Environments

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Drupp, Patrick S. Carlo, Eric Heinen Mackenzie, Fred T. Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. Shamberger, Kathryn E.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	An array of MAPCO2 buoys, CRIMP-2, Ala Wai, and Kilo Nalu, deployed in the coastal waters of Hawaii, have produced multi-year high temporal resolution CO2 records in three different coral reef environments off the island of Oahu, Hawaii. This study, which includes data from June 2008 to December 2011, is part of an integrated effort to understand the factors that influence the dynamics of CO2–carbonic acid system parameters in waters surrounding Pacific high-island coral reef ecosystems and subject to differing natural and anthropogenic stresses. The MAPCO2 buoys are located on the Kaneohe Bay backreef, and fringing reef sites on the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii. The buoys measure CO2 and O2 in seawater and in the atmosphere at 3-h intervals, as well as other physical and biogeochemical parameters (conductivity, temperature, depth, chlorophyll-a, and turbidity). The buoy records, combined with data from synoptic spatial sampling, have allowed us to examine the interplay between biological cycles of productivity/respiration and calcification/dissolution and biogeochemical and physical forcings on hourly to inter-annual time scales. Air–sea CO2 gas exchange was also calculated to determine whether the locations were sources or sinks of CO2 over seasonal, annual, and interannual time periods. Net annualized fluxes for CRIMP-2, Ala Wai, and Kilo Nalu over the entire study period were 1.15, 0.045, and −0.0056 mol C m−2 year−1, respectively, where positive values indicate a source or a CO2 flux from the water to the atmosphere, and negative values indicate a sink or flux of CO2 from the atmosphere into the water. These values are of similar magnitude to previous estimates in Kaneohe Bay as well as those reported from other tropical reef environments. Total alkalinity (AT) was measured in conjunction with pCO2, and the carbonic acid system was calculated to compare with other reef systems and open ocean values around Hawaii. These findings emphasize the need for high-resolution data of multiple parameters when attempting to characterize the carbonic acid system in locations of highly variable physical, chemical, and biological parameters (e.g., coastal systems and reefs).
Starting Page	371
Ending Page	397
Page Count	27
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13806165
Journal	Aquatic Geochemistry
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	5-6
e-ISSN	15731421
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-11-06
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carbon dioxide Alkalinity Gas exchange Coral reefs Tropical Geochemistry Hydrology/Water Resources Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology

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