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Vertebrate cell death in energy-limited conditions and how to avoid it: what we might learn from mammalian hibernators and other stress-tolerant vertebrates

Apoptosis : Volume 15, Issue 2, February 2010

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Apoptosis : Volume 12

Apoptosis : Volume 11

Apoptosis : Volume 10

Apoptosis in amphibian organs during metamorphosis

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ishizuya Oka, Atsuko Hasebe, Takashi Shi, Yun Bo
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	During amphibian metamorphosis, the larval tissues/organs rapidly degenerate to adapt from the aquatic to the terrestrial life. At the cellular level, a large quantity of apoptosis occurs in a spatiotemporally-regulated fashion in different organs to ensure timely removal of larval organs/tissues and the development of adult ones for the survival of the individuals. Thus, amphibian metamorphosis provides us a good opportunity to understand the mechanisms regulating apoptosis. To investigate this process at the molecular level, a number of thyroid hormone (TH) response genes have been isolated from several organs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles and their expression and functional analyses are now in progress using modern molecular and genetic technologies. In this review, we will first summarize when and where apoptosis occurs in typical larva-specific and larval-to-adult remodeling amphibian organs to highlight that the timing of apoptosis is different in different tissues/organs, even though all are induced by the same circulating TH. Next, to discuss how TH spatiotemporally regulates the apoptosis, we will focus on apoptosis of the X. laevis small intestine, one of the best characterized remodeling organs. Functional studies of TH response genes using transgenic frogs and culture techniques have shown that apoptosis of larval epithelial cells can be induced by TH either cell-autonomously or indirectly through interactions with extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the underlying basal lamina. Here, we propose that multiple intra- and extracellular apoptotic pathways are coordinately controlled by TH to ensure massive but well-organized apoptosis, which is essential for the proper progression of amphibian metamorphosis.
Starting Page	350
Ending Page	364
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13608185
Journal	Apoptosis
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1573675X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2009-11-20
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Amphibian metamorphosis Apoptosis Thyroid hormone Organ remodeling Cell-ECM interactions Virology Biochemistry Oncology Cell Biology Cancer Research
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmaceutical Science Biochemistry (medical) Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Cancer Research Pharmacology

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