NDLI: Effects of acaricides, pyrethroids and predator distributions on populations of Tetranychus urticae in apple orchards

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hardman, J. M. Franklin, J. L. Beaulieu, F. Bostanian, N. J.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	We sampled mites in three apple orchards in Nova Scotia, Canada, that had been inoculated with pyrethroid-resistant Typhlodromus pyri and had a history of Tetranychus urticae outbreaks. The objective of this study was to monitor populations of T. urticae and phytoseiid predators on the ground and in trees and to track dispersal between the two habitats. Pesticides were the chief cause of differences in mite dynamics between orchards. In two orchards, application of favourably selective acaricides (abamectin, clofentezine) in 2002, coupled with predation by T. pyri in trees and Neoseiulus fallacis in ground cover, decreased high T. urticae counts and suppressed Panonychus ulmi. By 2003 phytoseiids kept the tetranychids at low levels. In a third orchard, application of pyrethroids (cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin), plus an unfavourably selective acaricide (pyridaben) in 2003, suppressed phytoseiids, allowing exponential increases of T. urticae in the ground cover and in tree canopies. By 2004 however, increasing numbers of T. pyri and application of clofentezine strongly reduced densities of T. urticae in tree canopies despite high numbers crawling up from the ground cover. Another influence on T. urticae dynamics was the distribution of the phytoseiids, T. pyri and N. fallacis. When harsh pesticides were avoided, T. pyri were numerous in tree canopies. Conversely, only a few N. fallacis were found there, even when they were present in the ground cover and on tree trunks. Low numbers were sometimes due to pyrethroid applications or to scarcity of prey. Another factor was likely the abundance of T. pyri, which not only competes with N. fallacis, but also feeds on its larvae and nymphs. The scarcity of a specialist predator of spider mites in trees means that control of T. urticae largely depends on T. pyri, a generalist predator that is not particularly effective in regulating T. urticae.
Starting Page	235
Ending Page	253
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01688162
Journal	Experimental & Applied Acarology
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15729702
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2007-11-16
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Tetranychus urticae outbreaks Typhlodromus pyri Neoseiulus fallacis Pesticide effects on biological control Generalist and specialist phytoseiids Competition and intra-guild predation Life Sciences Animal Ecology Animal Genetics and Genomics Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Entomology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Medicine Insect Science

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