NDLI: Transient Absorption of Inhaled Vapors into a Multilayer Mucus–Tissue

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tian, Geng Longest, P. Worth
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Previous studies have approximated the absorption of vapors into the walls of the respiratory tract as a steady state process. However, non-dimensional analysis indicates that the absorption of vapors in the conducting airways is time-dependent over the timescale of a breathing cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mass transport of sample chemical species through a simple multilayer system composed of mucus, tissue, and blood components on a transient basis. Individual multilayer models were considered that represent the wall dimensions of the nasal extrathoracic (ET2), bronchial (BB), and bronchiolar (bb) airways. Sample vapors considered were acetaldehyde and benzene, which are highly soluble and moderately soluble in mucus, respectively. To determine absorption, mass transport was calculated based on an existing analytical steady state solution, a new analytical transient solution, and a numerical transient solution. Results indicated that concentrations within the mucus and tissue layers were highly time dependent in the ET2 and BB regions and moderately time dependent in the bb airways over the timescale of an inhalation cycle, which is approximately 1–2 s. Fluxes of vapors into the tissue and blood varied with time for approximately 6–8 s in the BB region and 0.6–0.8 s in the bb model. The associated transient blood uptake of acetaldehyde and benzene in the upper ET2 and BB regions varied from steady state values by a factor of approximately 30 after 1 s. Under similar conditions, transient uptake in the bb model varied from steady state conditions by a factor of approximately 1.3. Surprisingly, inclusion of chemical reactions in the mucus and tissue modified the transient uptake predictions only for very large values of reaction rate coefficients (K > 100 min−1). In summary, transient effects significantly impact the absorption of vapors into the walls of the upper respiratory tract (ET2 and BB regions) and may largely diminish the effects of chemical reactions over the timescale of an inhalation cycle. Furthermore, the transient analytical solution that was developed provides the basis for an improved boundary condition in future CFD simulations of air-phase transport and wall absorption.
Starting Page	517
Ending Page	536
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	38
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2009-10-14
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Absorption of vapors in the upper respiratory tract Dosimetry Uptake of gases Mucus absorption Transient diffusion Multilayer diffusion Chemical reactions Biochemistry Mechanics Biophysics and Biological Physics Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine general
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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