NDLI: Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral

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Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tan, Ting Cholewa, Nathan M. Case, Scott W. De Vita, Raffaella
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament (USL/CL) complex is the major suspensory tissue of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. This tissue is subjected primarily to bi-axial forces in-vivo that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leading to pelvic floor disorders. In this study, we present the first rigorous characterization of the collagen fiber microstructure and creep properties of the swine USL/CL complex by using scanning electron microscopy and planar biaxial testing in combination with three-dimensional digital image correlation. Collagen fiber bundles were found to be arranged into layers. Although the fiber bundles were oriented in multiple directions, 80.8% of them were aligned within ±45 $$^{\circ }$$ to the main in-vivo loading direction. The straightness parameter, defined as the ratio of the end-to-end distance of a fiber bundle to its length, varied from 0.28 to 1.00, with 95.2% fiber bundles having a straightness parameter between 0.60 and 1.00. Under constant equi-biaxial loads of 2 and 4 N, the USL/CL complex exhibited significant creep both along the main in-vivo loading direction (the parallel direction) and along the direction perpendicular to it (the perpendicular direction). Specifically, over a 120-min period, the mean strain increased by 20–34 $$\%$$ in the parallel direction and 33–41 $$\%$$ in the perpendicular direction. However, there was no statistically significant difference in creep strains observed after 120 min between the parallel and perpendicular directions for either the 2 or 4 N load case. Creep proceeded slightly faster in the perpendicular direction under the equi-biaxial load of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial load of 4 N ( $$p=0.3696$$ ). It proceeded significantly faster in the parallel direction under the equi-biaxial loads of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial loads of 4 N ( $$p=0.0284$$ ). Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the biomaterial properties of the USL/CL complex that is needed for the development of new surgical reconstruction methods and mesh materials for pelvic floor disorders.
Starting Page	3225
Ending Page	3237
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	44
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-06-02
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Pelvic floor connective tissue Uterosacral ligament Cardinal ligament Scanning electron microscopy Creep Planar biaxial test Digital image correlation Biomedicine Biomedical Engineering Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics Classical Mechanics Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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