NDLI: Spatial competition among clonal organisms in extant and selected paleozoic reef communities

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Spatial competition among clonal organisms in extant and selected paleozoic reef communities

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Fagerstrom, J. Alfred West, Ronald R. Kershaw, Stephen Cossey, Patrick J.
Copyright Year	2000
Abstract	Occurrences of densely packed benthic organisms in extant reefs are of two types: 1) live-live interactions, where two living organisms interact, and 2) live-dead associations, where only one is alive and uses the other as a substrate. The latter are common in reef deposits due to biostratinomic feedback, i.e. dense skeletal accumulations provide hard substrates for clonal recruitment, thus facilitating greater frequency of live-dead encounters than in lower biomass level-bottom communities dominated by solitary organisms. Differentiating between these two types in ancient reefs is difficult, often impossible.Most live-live interactions among clones in extant reef communities involve competition for space. Clonal spatial competition is divisible into four types: 1) direct-aggressive: encrusting overgrowth; 2) indirect-passive: depriving neighbors of resources, chiefly sunlight, by growth above them; 3) stand-off: avoidance of competition by organisms adopting positions that avoid or minimize direct polyp/zooid contact; and 4) overwhelming: one clone/ species volumetrically or numerically overwhelms the other, meeting minimal resistance. Despite class-order level differences in taxa, our results indicate that extant analogs, based on the arrangement and distortion of skeletons, are valuable for recognizing live-live interactions in Silurian and Carboniferous reefs and interpreting the types of spatial competition represented.Comparison of overhead (plan) views of live-live coral competition in Polynesian reefs with vertical sections of Silurian and Carboniferous sponge-dominated reefs and biostromes suggests that direct-aggressive competition is more common among extant than among Paleozoic reef-builders. Stand-offs showing clone margin distortion and overwhelming with minor skeletal distortion are most common in our fossil examples and probably relate to the dominance of these reefs by sponges. Success by extant sponges in spatial competition is largely due to allelochemical deterrence which may explain the predominance of stand-off and overwhelming confrontations in fossil sponges rather than tentacle-mesentery based direct aggression among extant corals and bryozoans.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	24
Page Count	24
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01729179
Journal	Facies
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	16124820
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2000-01-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Competition Spatial Reefs Ecology Corals Sponges Skeletal Effects Polynesia/Gotland/England/Kansas Extant/Carboniferous/Silurian Biogeosciences Geochemistry Paleontology Sedimentology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geology Stratigraphy Paleontology

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