NDLI: Isolated spicules of Demospongiae from Mt. Duello (Eocene, Lessini Mts., northern Italy): preservation, taxonomy, and depositional environment

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Frisone, Viviana Pisera, Andrzej Hajdu, Eduardo Preto, Nereo Zorzi, Federico Zorzin, Roberto
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Today, class Demospongiae is the largest of phylum Porifera but its fossil record, especially for “soft” demosponges, is rather scarce. This study documents exceptionally preserved isolated opaline spicules, unique for the Bartonian of Italy. Interpretation of morphological types of spicules by comparison with living species lead to their attribution to five orders (Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, “Lithistida”), seven families (Geodiidae, Placospongiidae, Tethyidae, Petrosiidae, Acarnidae, ?Corallistidae, Theonellidae) and five genera (Geodia, Erylus, Placospongia, Chondrilla, Petrosia, ?Zyzzya). All the described genera are first reported from the Eocene of Europe. This study expands the geographical range of these taxa and fills a chronological gap in their fossil record. The spicules are often fragmented and bear signs of corrosion. They show two types of preservation: glassy and translucent. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirms that both types are opal-CT with probable presence of original opal-A. Despite this, using a scanning electron microscope the texture of freshly broken surfaces is different. Milky spicules show a porous structure with incipient lepispheres. This feature, together with surface corrosion and the constant presence of the zeolite heulandite/clinoptilolite, point to a certain degree of diagenetic transformation. Macro and micro facies analysis define the sedimentary environment as a rocky shore succession, deepening upward within the photic zone. The spicule-rich sandy grainstone represents the deepest facies and was deposited in a middle-outer carbonate ramp environment, in part in a fairly high energy environment close to storm wave base.
Starting Page	883
Ending Page	904
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01729179
Journal	Facies
Volume Number	60
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16124820
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-07-05
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Spicules Demospongiae Eocene Bartonian Mt. Duello Opal Sedimentology Biogeosciences Geochemistry Paleontology Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geology Stratigraphy Paleontology

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