NDLI: Runout and entrainment analysis of an extremely large rock avalanche

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kang, Chao Chan, Dave Su, Fenghuan Cui, Peng
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	An extremely large rock avalanche occurred on April 9, 2000 at Yigong, Tibet, China. It started with an initial volume of material of 90 × 106 m3 comprising mainly of loose material lying on the channel bed. The rock avalanche travelled around 10 km in horizontal distance and formed a 2.5-km-long by 2.5-km-wide depositional fan with a final volume of approximately 300 × 106 m3. An energy-based debris flow runout model is used to simulate the movement process with a new entrainment model. The entrainment model considers both rolling and sliding motions in calculating the volume of eroded material. Entrainment calculation is governed by a second order partial differential equation which is solved using the finite difference method. During entrainment, it is considered that the total mass is changed due to basal erosion. Also the profile of the channel bed is adjusted accordingly due to erosion at the end of each calculation time step. For Yigong, the profile used in the simulation was extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 30 m × 30 m. Measurements obtained from site investigation, including deposition depth and flow height at specific location, are used to verify the model. Ground elevation-based DEM before and after the event is also used to verify the simulation results where access was difficult. It is found that the calculated runout distance and the modified deposition height agree with the field observations. Moreover, the back-calculated flow characteristics based on field observations, such as flow velocity, are also used for model verifications. The results indicate that the new entrainment model is able to capture the entrainment volume and depth, runout distance, and deposition height for this case.
Starting Page	123
Ending Page	139
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1612510X
Journal	Landslides
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	16125118
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-02-10
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Rock avalanche Debris flow entrainment Yigong rock avalanche Debris runout modeling Soil erosion Natural Hazards Geography Agriculture Civil Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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