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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Dambach, M. |
| Copyright Year | 2002 |
| Abstract | In den als „Spiegel des Universums“ konzipierten Kunst- und Wunderkammern des 16. und. 17. Jahrhunderts finden sich unter den KuriositÄten aus dem Reich der Natur auch mehrfach in BaumstÄmmen eingewachsene Hirschgeweihe. Das berühmteste Objekt dieser Art ist der Zweiundzwanzigender auf Schloß Ambras bei Innsbruck. Zwei eingewachsene, schÄdelechte Geweihe befinden sich in DÄnemark (Kopenhagen und Hørsholm) und zwei in Berlin. Alle eingewachsenen Geweihe stammen vom Rothirsch (Cervus elaphus). Außerdem sind zwei Stammstücke bekannt geworden, bei denen lediglich einzelne Geweihteile im Holz stecken (München 1 und 2). Jedes der vollstÄndigen Geweihe war so in der Astgabel einer Eiche fixiert, dass SchÄdel und Geweihbasen im Laufe der Zeit vom Baum teilweise umwachsen wurden. Bei einem Objekt (Kopenhagen 1) lag wahrscheinlich ein Unfall vor, bei dem sich ein Hirsch unlösbar in einer Astgabel verfangen hat. In drei FÄllen (Ambras, Berlin 1 und 2) sind die Geweihe in der Astgabel mit den Stangen nach unten und in einem Fall (Kopenhagen 2) nach oben orientiert auf eine Art, die eine Anbringung durch den Menschen vermuten lÄsst. Als ErklÄrung werden ein alter Brauch amtlicher Reviermarkierung durch EinhÄngen von Geweihen oder eine Hinterlassenschaft von Wilderern diskutiert. Eine Röntgenuntersuchung des Objektes München 1 ergab, dass es sich um ein Artefakt aus fünf verschiedenen Geweihelementen, darunter die Rose einer Abwurfstange sowie zwei zusammengehörige Kümmerstangen auf langen Rosenstöcken handelt, die in bestimmter Weise bearbeitet und in vorbereitete Bohrungen eines lebenden Baumstammes eingefügt wurden. Eine dendrochronologische Datierung ergab für den Eichenstamm das FÄllungsjahr 1461. Als mögliche Motive werden die Herstellung eines Kunstkammer-Exponates oder eines ApotropÄons diskutiert. Denkbar wÄre auch eine Art von frühem Pfropfungsexperiment, angeregt durch gewisse Analogien im Wachstum von BÄumen und Geweihen.As a “mirror of the entire world” the Kunst- and Wunderkammern of the sixteenth and seventeenth century included amongst their collections of different naturalia, artifacts, and antiquities also some puzzling types of antlers partly overgrown by a tree. The most famous of these specimens is the 22-pointer in the collection of Archduke Ferdinand II at Schloss Ambras in Tyrol. Two other overgrown antlered skulls are located in Denmark (Copenhagen and Hørsholm) and another two in Berlin. All these antlers are from the European red deer (Cervus elaphus). Furthermore, two oak trunks with emanating antler beams are known (specimens Munich 1 and Munich 2). Each of the complete antlers was fixed within the fork of a tree in a way that skulls and parts of the antlers became partially or almost completely overgrown with time. Only in one specimen (Copenhagen 1) a red deer stag apparently locked himself inseparably with one antler branch in a tree fork. In three specimens (Ambras, Berlin1 and Berlin 2), the antler beams point downwards, whereas in one specimen (Copenhagen 2) they point upwards. In all these cases, an arrangement by man's hand has to be assumed. The intention underlying such manipulations is unclear. One explanation has been that in this way the boundaries of hunting districts were demarcated. However it is also possible that the antlered skulls were hung up and then left by poachers. Radiographs of specimen Munich 1 revealed it to be an artifact (composition), consisting of several antler beams and a coronet which were inserted into holes that had been drilled into a young oak which then partly overgrew them. Dating by dendrochronology revealed that the oak was cut in 1461. Specimen Munich 1 is thus considerably older than the other antler-in-wood objects. Several reasons for the creation of the composite objects are discussed, such as the manufacture of a “kunstkammer”-exhibit or a sort of talisman (apotropeon), or even some kind of early grafting experiment prompted by certain analogies in the growth of trees and antlers.Parmi les curiosités des règnes végétal et animal que renferment les cabinets d'art et de raretés des 16ème et 17ème siècles, conçus comme des »miroirs de l'univers«, figurent des bois de Cerf enchevêtrés dans des troncs d'arbres. L'objet le plus célèbre de ce type de curiosité est constitué par le 22-cors du château Ambras près d'Innsbruck (Tyrol). Deux ramures vraies encastrées se trouvent au Danemark (Copenhague et Hørnsholm) et deux autres à Berlin. Toutes ces ramures próviennent de cerfs élaphes (Cervus elaphus). En outre, on connaît deux troncs où seules des parties de perches sont encastrées dans le bois (Munich I et 2). L'incrustation de chacune des perches dans une enfourchure du chêne était telle que le têt et les bases du merrain avaient, au cours du temps, été partiellement recouvertes par l'arbre. Dans un cas (Copenhague 1), un accident était sans doute à l'origine du phénomène par lequel un cerf s'était pris les bois de façon irréversible dans une enfourchure d'arbre. Dans trois cas (Ambras, Berlin 1 et 2), la ramure est dirigée vers le bas par rapport à l'enfourchure de l'arbre, dans un quatrième (Copenhague 2), la ramure est dirigée vers le haut, ce qui laisse supposer que cet encastrement est dû à une intervention humaine. Ces curiosités trouvent leur explication probable dans une ancienne coutume consistant à borner une limite administrative en suspendant un trophée ou encore dans la signature d'un acte de braconnage. Un examen aux rayons X de l'objet référencé sous l'appellation Munich I montra qu'il s'agit d'un montage de cinq éléments de ramure parmi lesquels la meule d'une mue ainsi qu'une paire de perches difformes qui se sont développées sur de longs pivots, éléments qui ont été traités d'une certaine manière et qui ont été insérés dans un jeune chêne vivant au moyen d'un forage préalable. Une datation dendrochronologique indiqua que l'abattage du chêne remontait à 1461. Le spécimen Munich 1 est donc considérablement plus ancien que les autres bois incrustés de bois de cerfs. Différentes raisons sont invoquées pour expliquer l'existence de ces objets composites: manufacture d'un cabinet d'art, sorte de talisman (apotropeon) ou même tentative avant la lettre de greffage suggérée par certaines analogies entre la croissance des arbres et celle des ramures. |
| Starting Page | 161 |
| Ending Page | 185 |
| Page Count | 25 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00442887 |
| Journal | European Journal of Wildlife Research |
| Volume Number | 48 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14390574 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2002-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Antler skull red deer tree rarity curiosity Kunstkammer Animal Ecology Zoology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Ecology Animal Science and Zoology |
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