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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Ammer, Ulrich Schubert, Holger |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | In 3 Wirtschaftswaldbeständen unterschiedlicher Naturnähe und in 2 ungenutzten Wäldern (20 bzw. 90 Jahre aus der Nutzung) im Hienheimer Forst bei Kelheim wurden insgesamt 39 Bäume (Eiche, Buche, Fichte, Lärche) mit verschiedenen Fallentypen befangen. Vier der gefangenen Tierartengruppen (Käfer, Spinnen, Netzflügler und Wanzen) wurden bis zur Art bestimmt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen bei den Käfern eine deutliche Abhängigkeit zum Naturnähegrad der Bestände, was im wesentlichen auf den hohen Anteil von Totholzkäfern am Gesamtspektrum zurückzuführen ist.Die Spinnen sind in Wirtschafts- und in Naturwäldern ziemlich gleichmäßig verteilt. Sie sind wohl eher abhängig von Raumstrukturen, die nicht zwingend mit der Naturnähe eines Bestandes korrelieren müssen.Auch bei den Netzflügern und den Wanzen ist keine Beziehung zur Naturnähe nachweisbar. Sie kommen in bewirtschafteten Laubmischwäldern mindestens ebenso häufig und artenreich vor wie in den ungenutzten Beständen. Sie sind typische Vertreter eines wärme- und lichtbetonten Habitats und besonders an Lichtbaumarten (wie Eiche und Lärche) gebunden.Aus den Kronenfängen ergibt sich, daß gut aufgebaute und gepflegte Mischwälder nicht grundsätzlich artenärmer sind als Naturwälder, vor allem wenn an den Mischbaumarten die Eiche beteiligt ist. In reinen Fichtenbeständen sind dagegen eher artenärmere Zönosen zu erwarten. Dies gilt allerdings auch für reine und geschlossene Buchenbestände, wie sie von Natur aus auf vielen unserer Waldstandorte anzutreffen wären.Von daher ist Prozeßschutz, d. h. ein prioritäres Abstellen auf die Naturnähe mit einer max. Förderung von Arten auf Bestandesebene schwer vereinbar.Für die Erhaltung und Förderung eines möglichst umfassenden Arteninventars ist vielmehr eine sensible, auf Baumartenvielfalt und Strukturdiversität ausgerichtete Nutzung hilfreich. Unter Berücksichtigung auch der Forderungen des Ressourcenschutzes lassen sich jedoch regionale oder besser naturraumbezogene Kompromisse erreichen, die diskutiert werden.Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit haben einige Fragen aufgeworfen, die eine weitergehende Untersuchung erfordern. Als vorrangiges Ziel ist auf eine intensivere Erforschung der heimischen Wirtschaftswälder hinzuweisen. Erst ein tieferer Einblick in bewirtschaftete Systeme kann zeigen, welche naturschutzfachlich wichtigen Strukturen diese Flächen bereits besitzen und welche ihnen noch fehlen. Gerade die Berücksichtigung des Naturschutzes in bewirtschafteten Wäldern sichert Lebensräume auf großer Fläche.We captured arthropods in three commercial forests with different degrees of naturalness and two unlogged forests (out of management for the past 20 and 90 years) in the Hienheimer Forst near Kelheim (Germany). We chose 39 trees (oak, beech, spruce and larch) using different trapping systems. Four of the captured taxa were determined to species (Colepotera, Araneae, Neuropteroidea and Heteroptera). The results indicate a strong dependence of beetle species diversity on the naturalness of the sites. This is mainly due to the great proportion of saproxylic beetles within the total amount of species.The number of spider species are comparable in natural and commercial forests. They mainly seem to depend on strucutral elements which are not necessarily correlated with the naturalness of a site.Also, the neuropteroids and true bugs do not exhibit any clear relationship to the naturalness of the sites. The species diversity in commercial broadleaf forests is comparable to that of the unlogged sites. The majority of the species are typical inhabitants of light and warm habitats and therefore bound to light-demanding tree species such as oak and larch.The results of the canopy traps show that the amount of species in commercial forests does not have to be less than that in nature forests, especially in mixed stands where oak is involved. Pure spruce stands, on the other hand, exhibit lower values for species diversity. But this is also true for unmixed beech forests, the natural vegetation unit for a large proportion of our landscapes.Consequently, the conservation of processes, i.e. focusing on the maximation of naturalness of our forests, interfers with the other possible goal of maximizing species diversity.For the maintainance and promotion of species diversity one should focus on using forest habitats in a way that ensures high diversity of tree species and structures. To take into account the demands of the protection of natural ressources one has to extend the visual angle as discussed in this article.The controversal results raise a lot of questions that demand further investigation. Predominantly this is the further exploration of our domestic commercial forests. Only a deeper insight into used systems can reveal which structures relevant to conservational issues those areas already carry and which are lacking. Observing conservational aspects in commercial forests is an important chance to secure important habitats on a large environmental scale that should not be missed. |
| Starting Page | 70 |
| Ending Page | 87 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00158003 |
| Journal | Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt vereinigt mit Tharandter forstliches Jahrbuch |
| Volume Number | 118 |
| Issue Number | 1-6 |
| e-ISSN | 14390337 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 1999-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | coleoptera araneae neuropteroidea canopy forestry biodiversity comparison unlogged forests heteroptera Forestry Plant Sciences Plant Ecology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Plant Science Forestry |
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