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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Orłowski, Grzegorz Czarnecka, Joanna Goławski, Artur Karg, Jerzy Panek, Marek |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | The role of granivorous birds as agents of seed dispersal has been little explored and is poorly understood. We assessed the ability of three species of birds from a Central European agricultural landscape to disperse seeds of dry-fruited plants. We hypothesised that Grey Partridge Perdix perdix is a better seed disperser than either of two species of buntings—Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella and Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus—in terms of the number of intact seeds recovered from their droppings. Partridge droppings contained the highest number of intact seeds. Surprisingly, however, the number of intact seeds per 1 g of droppings was the highest in Reed Bunting, smaller in Grey Partridge and the smallest in Yellowhammer. Our findings suggest that the passage of intact seeds of dry-fruited plants through the digestive tract of seed-eating birds is most likely an effect of limited digestion, resulting from the intake of a large volume of seeds, a small part of which remains undigested. This effect could be magnified by the inclusion in the diet of some items of different digestibility (invertebrates or leaves). We suggest that non-standard dispersal of seeds with no adaptations to endozoochory by birds is a far more frequent and as yet under-appreciated phenomenon, which has potential ecological implications for the colonisation of new habitats/islands by plants. The ultimate elucidation of this process is extremely difficult and would require large sets of faeces to be examined. Effektivität von Endozoochorie bei drei körnerfressenden Vogelarten Die Rolle körnerfressender Vögel als Verbreiter von Pflanzensamen ist bislang nur wenig untersucht worden und wird dementsprechend auch noch wenig verstanden. Für drei Vogelarten einer landwirtschaftlich genutzten Region in Zentraleuropa untersuchten wir ihre Fähigkeit, die Samen von Trockenfrüchten zu verbreiten. Unsere Hypothese war, dass Rebhühner (Perdix perdix) wirksamere Samenverbreiter sind als die beiden Ammer-Arten Goldammer (Emerbiza citrinella) und Rohrammer (Emberiza schoeniclus); dies wurde aus der Anzahl noch intakter Samen im Kot der Vögel ermittelt. Zwar enthielt der Kot der Rebhühner die größte Anzahl intakter Samen, überraschenderweise war aber der Anteil intakter Samen pro Gramm Kot bei der Rohrammer am größten, beim Rebhuhn etwas kleiner und am kleinsten bei der Goldammer. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Durchmarsch intakter Samen durch den Verdauungstrakt körnerfressender Vögel höchstwahrscheinlich an mangelhafter Verdauung liegt, hervorgerufen durch die Aufnahme großer Mengen an Samenkörnern, von denen dann ein bestimmter, kleiner Anteil unverdaut bleibt. Dieser Effekt könnte noch durch die Aufnahme anderer Nahrungsbestandteile, die unterschiedlich verdaut werden (Wirbellose, oder Blätter), vergrößert werden. Wir denken, dass die ungewöhnliche Verbreitung von Samen durch Vögel ohne Anpassung an Endozoochorie viel häufiger ist und bisher unterschätzt wurde und dass sie ein ökologisches Potential für die Pflanzen-Besiedlung neuer Gegenden/Inseln durch Vögel bietet. Eine endgültige Aufklärung dieses Prozesses wäre allerdings außerordentlich schwierig und würde große Mengen an zu prüfendem Kot erfordern. |
| Starting Page | 61 |
| Ending Page | 73 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 21937192 |
| Journal | Journal für Ornithologie |
| Volume Number | 157 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 21937206 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2015-06-10 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Seed predators Seed dispersal Granivores Bird droppings Intact seeds Unassisted dispersal Zoology Ecology Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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