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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Thiebot, Jean Baptiste Weimerskirch, Henri |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | Seabirds associations with marine mammals have been shown to be an efficient way by which the seabirds can detect and access prey patches. However, these associations have been documented locally in the literature and their relevance at the ecosystem level is unknown, mostly because they constitute relatively rare events and therefore few appropriate data exist. In this study, we aimed at quantifying and qualifying these interactions, based on long-term standardised at-sea observations carried out from 1978 to 2005 in the whole southern Indian Ocean. We (1) investigated whether the observed interspecific associations between foraging seabirds and marine mammals could be distinguished from chance using a bootstrap method, and (2) compared their occurrences between four oceanic biomes sampled (tropical, subtropical, subantarctic, Antarctic). Although in our data we could not discriminate active association versus aggregation of species feeding on the same prey patches, our results indicate that, in each biome, 5–10 seabird species were more frequently associated with marine mammals than expected due to chance. Tropical birds appeared to be associated almost exclusively with Delphinidae schools, whereas in the subtropical waters, all the significant associations occurred with marine mammals others than dolphins. In the subantarctic biome, seabirds were mostly associated with Pinnipeds, and the highly productive Antarctic waters provided opportunities for diverse but rare associations. This study suggests that the ecological links between foraging predators can be measured using a randomisation method, and provides conclusive and comparative information on the ecology of apex trophic levels organisms from pelagic communities. Vergleich von Vergesellschaftungen zwischen Seevögeln und Meeressäugern über vier Biome des südlichen Indischen Ozeans hinweg Vergesellschaftungen von Seevögeln mit Meeressäugern sind eine effiziente Methode für die Seevögel, um Beute zu finden und zu nutzen. Allerdings wurden solche Vergesellschaftungen in der Literatur nur lokal dokumentiert, und ihre Relevanz auf Ökosystemebene ist unbekannt, vor allem, weil sie relativ seltene Vorkommnisse darstellen und es daher nur wenig angemessene Daten gibt. In dieser Untersuchung versuchten wir, diese Interaktionen quantitativ und qualitativ zu beschreiben auf der Basis von standardisierten Langzeit-Beobachtungen auf See, die zwischen 1978 und 2005 im gesamten südlichen Indischen Ozean durchgeführt wurden. Wir (1) untersuchten mit Hilfe einer Bootstrap-Methode, ob sich die beobachteten interspezifischen Vergesellschaftungen zwischen Seevögeln und Meeressäugern von zufälligen Ereignissen unterscheiden ließen und (2) verglichen deren Vorkommen zwischen den vier untersuchten ozeanischen Biomen (tropisch, subtropisch, subantarktisch, antarktisch). Obwohl wir in unseren Daten nicht zwischen aktiver Vergesellschaftung und einer Ansammlung von Arten unterscheiden konnten, die zufällig in den selben Beutefeldern jagten, deuten unsere Ergebnisse doch darauf hin, dass in jedem Biom fünf bis zehn Seevogelarten häufiger mit Meeressäugern vergesellschaftet waren als zufällig erwartet. Tropische Vögel schienen fast ausschließlich mit Schulen von Delphinidae vergesellschaftet zu sein, während in subtropischen Gewässern alle wesentlichen Vergesellschaftungen mit anderen Meeressäugern als Delphinen stattfanden. Im subarktischen Biom waren Seevögel meist mit Robben vergesellschaftet, und die hochproduktiven antarktischen Gewässer boten Möglichkeiten zu verschiedenen, aber seltenen, Vergesellschaftungen. Diese Untersuchung legt nahe, dass die ökologischen Verbindungen zwischen jagenden Prädatoren mit Hilfe einer Randomisierungsmethode gemessen werden können und liefert schlüssige und vergleichende Information über die Ökologie von in der Nahrungskette hoch stehenden Organismen aus pelagischen Gemeinschaften. |
| Starting Page | 441 |
| Ending Page | 453 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 21937192 |
| Journal | Journal für Ornithologie |
| Volume Number | 154 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 21937206 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2012-11-21 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Foraging strategies Interspecific interactions Marine predators Bootstrap procedure At-sea observations Long-term monitoring Zoology Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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