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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Maziarz, Marta Wesołowski, Tomasz Hebda, Grzegorz Cholewa, Marta |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Knowledge of the breeding ecology of the Great Tit Parus major is vast, but almost exclusively concerns birds using nest-boxes. Information on birds nesting in natural conditions is scant. Here, we present the results of the first thorough study on natural nest-sites of the Great Tit. The data, including descriptions of nest-cavity location and dimensions, were collected during 39 breeding seasons in the primeval forest of Białowieża National Park (BNP), Poland. With an excess of available tree-cavities providing a diverse choice of nesting options, Great Tits nested mainly in non-excavated, very deep and spacious cavities with elongated, narrow openings, placed at intermediate heights in living tree trunks. Different sets of tree species were used in different habitats. The pattern of nest-site utilisation by Great Tits in BNP overlapped with that recorded in other areas, but showed niche separation from other non-excavating hole-breeders in BNP. This indicates that Great Tits have core nest-site preferences, which have probably evolved in response to selective forces such as, e.g., risk of predation, flooding, sufficient nest illumination and/or efficient air ventilation. Natürliche Nistplätze der Kohlmeise in einem Urwald (Białowieża Nationalpark, Polen) Das Wissen über die Brutökologie der Kohlmeise (Parus major) ist sehr groß, bezieht sich aber fast ausschließlich auf Vögel, die in Nistkästen brüten. Informationen über Vögel, die unter natürlichen Bedingungen brüten, sind rar. Hier stellen wir die Ergebnisse der ersten umfassenden Untersuchung vor, die sich mit natürlichen Nistplätzen der Kohlmeise beschäftigte. Die Daten, darunter Beschreibungen der Lage und Dimension der Nisthöhlen, wurden während 39 Brutzeiten im Urwald des Białowieża Nationalparks (BNP) in Polen gesammelt. Bei einem Überschuss an verfügbaren Baumhöhlen, der eine vielfältige Auswahl von Nistmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stellte, brüteten die Kohlmeisen hauptsächlich in natürlichen, sehr tiefen und geräumigen Höhlen mit länglichen, schmalen Öffnungen, in mittlerer Höhe von Stämmen lebender Bäume. In unterschiedlichen Habitaten wurden andere Baumarten gewählt. Das Muster der Nistplatzwahl der Kohlmeisen im BNP überlappte mit dem in anderen Gebieten aufgezeichneten, zeigte aber eine Nischentrennung von anderen Höhlenbrütern, die in natürlichen Höhlen brüteten. Das zeigt, dass Kohlmeisen grundlegende Nistplatzpräferenzen haben, die sich wahrscheinlich als Antwort auf einen Selektionsdruck entwickelt haben, wie zum Beispiel Prädationsrisiko, Überschwemmungsgefahr, ausreichende Ausleuchtung der Bruthöhle und/oder Ventilation. |
| Starting Page | 613 |
| Ending Page | 623 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 21937192 |
| Journal | Journal für Ornithologie |
| Volume Number | 156 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 21937206 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2015-02-11 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Parus major Tree cavities Nest placement Cavity dimensions Primeval conditions Zoology Ecology Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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