NDLI: A new mark test for mirror self-recognition in non-human primates

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Primates : Volume 47, Issue 2, April 2006

Primates : Volume 47, Issue 1, January 2006

A new mark test for mirror self-recognition in non-human primates

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Heschl, Adolf Burkart, Judith
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	For 30 years Gallup’s (Science 167:86–87, 1970) mark test, which consists of confronting a mirror-experienced test animal with its own previously altered mirror image, usually a color mark on forehead, eyebrow or ear, has delivered valuable results about the distribution of visual self-recognition in non-human primates. Chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans and, less frequently, gorillas can learn to correctly understand the reflection of their body in a mirror. However, the standard version of the mark test is good only for positively proving the existence of self-recognition. Conclusive statements about the lack of self-recognition are more difficult because of the methodological constraints of the test. This situation has led to a persistent controversy about the power of Gallup’s original technique. We devised a new variant of the test which permits more unequivocal decisions about both the presence and absence of self-recognition. This new procedure was tested with marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), following extensive training with mirror-related tasks to facilitate performance in the standard mark test. The results show that a slightly altered mark test with a new marking substance (chocolate cream) can help to reliably discriminate between true negative results, indicating a real lack of ability to recognize oneself in a mirror, from false negative results that are due to methodological particularities of the standard test. Finally, an evolutionary hypothesis is put forward as to why many primates can use a mirror instrumentally – i.e. know how to use it for grasping at hidden objects – while failing in the decisive mark test.
Starting Page	187
Ending Page	198
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00328332
Journal	Primates
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	16107365
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-01-24
Publisher Place	Tokyo
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Mark test Mirror fallacy Instrumental mirror use Motivation enhancement Self-recognition Callithrix jacchus
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology

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Mirror self-recognition: a review and critique of attempts to promote and engineer self-recognition in primates

Physiological and behavioral responses to routine procedures in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Mirror self-recognition: a review and critique of attempts to promote and engineer self-recognition in primates.

Structure and Usage of the Vocal Repertoire of Callithrix jacchus

Sex differences in food acquisition and aggression in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

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Hand preference study in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) using food reaching tests

Sex differences in common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in response to an unfamiliar food task

A new mark test for mirror self-recognition in non-human primates

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