NDLI: Sleeping cluster patterns and retiring behaviors during winter in a free-ranging band of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

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Professor Toshisada Nishida (1941–2011)

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Primates : Volume 52, Issue 2, April 2011

Primates : Volume 52, Issue 1, January 2011

Sleeping cluster patterns and retiring behaviors during winter in a free-ranging band of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zhang, Peng Li, Bao guo Watanabe, Kunio Qi, Xiao guang
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Little information is available on the sleeping cluster pattern and retiring behavior of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Here, we provide observational data on a provisioned free-ranging band in the Qinling Mountains, central China. The results suggest that winter night activity of R. roxellana is a compromise between antipredator and thermoregulatory strategies and an adaptation to ecological conditions of their temperate habitat. Monkeys retired between 1804 and 1858 h in winter. In support of the antipredation hypothesis, all monkeys slept in trees at night, whereas 18.8% of individuals slept on the ground during the day. Also, the study band was more spatially cohesive at night than in daytime, with shorter distances between one-male units. Keeping warm is critical for survival in freezing temperatures. Monkeys often slept in the lower stratum of the tree canopy, avoiding the upper canopy where it is cold and windy. They formed larger sleeping clusters at night than in daytime. The most common types of night-sleeping clusters were adult females and juveniles, followed by adult females with other adult females. These accounted for 60.2% of the total records. The frequency of female–male clusters is two times greater, and that of adult male–juvenile clusters was four times less at night than during the day. The variations in composition of sleeping clusters suggest affiliative patterns at night-sleeping sites differ from those during the day.
Starting Page	221
Ending Page	228
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00328332
Journal	Primates
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	16107365
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Japan
Publisher Date	2011-02-25
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Retiring behavior Sleeping cluster Rhinopithecus roxellana Winter Zoology Evolutionary Biology Behavioural Sciences Animal Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology

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