NDLI: Natural product discovery: past, present, and future

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Katz, Leonard Baltz, Richard H.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Microorganisms have provided abundant sources of natural products which have been developed as commercial products for human medicine, animal health, and plant crop protection. In the early years of natural product discovery from microorganisms (The Golden Age), new antibiotics were found with relative ease from low-throughput fermentation and whole cell screening methods. Later, molecular genetic and medicinal chemistry approaches were applied to modify and improve the activities of important chemical scaffolds, and more sophisticated screening methods were directed at target disease states. In the 1990s, the pharmaceutical industry moved to high-throughput screening of synthetic chemical libraries against many potential therapeutic targets, including new targets identified from the human genome sequencing project, largely to the exclusion of natural products, and discovery rates dropped dramatically. Nonetheless, natural products continued to provide key scaffolds for drug development. In the current millennium, it was discovered from genome sequencing that microbes with large genomes have the capacity to produce about ten times as many secondary metabolites as was previously recognized. Indeed, the most gifted actinomycetes have the capacity to produce around 30–50 secondary metabolites. With the precipitous drop in cost for genome sequencing, it is now feasible to sequence thousands of actinomycete genomes to identify the “biosynthetic dark matter” as sources for the discovery of new and novel secondary metabolites. Advances in bioinformatics, mass spectrometry, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and gene expression are driving the new field of microbial genome mining for applications in natural product discovery and development.
Starting Page	155
Ending Page	176
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13675435
Journal	Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	2-3
e-ISSN	14765535
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-01-06
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Actinomycete Antibiotic Discovery Genome mining Natural product Fungi metabolite Streptomyces Microbiology Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry Genetic Engineering Biotechnology Bioinformatics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Bioengineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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