NDLI: Mixing, hypersalinity and gradients in Hervey Bay, Australia

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gräwe, Ulf Wolff, Jörg Olaf Ribbe, Joachim
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Hervey Bay, a large coastal embayment situated off the central eastern coast of Australia, is a shallow tidal area (average depth = 15 m), close to the continental shelf. It shows features of an inverse estuary, due to the high evaporation rate (approx. 2 m/year), low precipitation (less than 1 m/year) and on average almost no freshwater input from rivers that drain into the bay. The hydro- and thermodynamical structures of Hervey Bay and their variability are presented here for the first time, using a combination of four-dimensional modelling and observations from field studies. The numerical studies are performed with the Coupled Hydrodynamical Ecological Model for Regional Shelf Seas (COHERENS). Due to the high tidal range (>3.5 m), the bay is considered as a vertically well-mixed system, and therefore, only horizontal fronts are likely. Recent field measurements, but also the numerical simulations, indicate characteristic features of an inverse/hypersaline estuary with low salinity (35.5 psu) in the open ocean and peak values (>39.0 psu) in the head water of the bay. The model further predicts a nearly persistent mean salinity gradient of 0.5 psu across the bay (with higher salinities close to the shore). The investigation further shows that air temperature, wind direction and tidal regime are mainly responsible for the stability of the inverse circulation and the strength of the salinity gradient across the bay. Due to an ongoing drying trend, the occurrence of severe droughts at the central east coast of Australia and, therefore, a reduction in freshwater supply, the salinity flux out of the bay has increased, and the inverse circulation has also strengthened.
Starting Page	643
Ending Page	658
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16167341
Journal	Deutsche Hydrografische Zeitschrift
Volume Number	59
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	16167228
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-04-09
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hypersalinity Inverse circulations Hervey Bay, Australia Mixing Environmental Monitoring/Analysis Fluid- and Aerodynamics Geophysics/Geodesy Meteorology/Climatology Oceanography
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Oceanography

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