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Quantitative Assessment of Mine Water Sources Based on the General Mixing Equation and Multivariate Statistics

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rapantová, Nad’a Krzeszowski, Światosław Grmela, Aršt Wolkersdorfer, Christian
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	It is sometimes necessary to quantify the different sources of water entering a mine, based on the hydrochemical nature of the waters from individual aquifers that contribute to the mine water mixture. In order to solve the general mixing equation, a software tool, KYBL-7, was developed; its computational methodology is generally based on the balance of selected components of mine waters in steady state conditions, without considering chemical reactions. This approach was applied in the Sokolov Coal Basin, which is situated in the immediate vicinity of Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary), a worldwide renowned spa in the northern part of the Czech Republic. The technology and coal mining methods used in the Sokolov Coal Basin are limited due to its proximity to the Carlsbad thermal springs. Because of their social and economic significance, these springs are protected. Calculations proved that the Carlsbad waters contribute approximately 3 % to the mine water. The imbalance in the mine water mixture using known source waters was quantified by including an ‘unknown source’ in the mixture simulation. Geochemical modelling demonstrated that the water quality is a result of geochemical reactions of waters in contact with the atmosphere and the reverse dissolution of the accumulated precipitates in the open pit areas. Those results have been used to assess future technical measures that can be taken to protect the Carlsbad thermal waters.Gelegentlich ist es notwendig, das mengenmäßige Verhältnis verschiedenen Quellen von Wässern zu bestimmen, die einem Bergwerk zufließen. Dies geschieht auf der Basis der hydrochemischen Eigenschaften der Wässer der unterschiedlichen Aquifere, die zur Zusammensetzung des Grubenwassers beitragen. Um die allgemeine Mischungsgleichung zu lösen, wurde die Software KYBL-7 entwickelt. Dessen numerische Methode basiert auf dem Gleichgewicht ausgewählter Parameter des Grubenwassers unter stationären Bedingungen ohne dabei chemische Reaktionen in Betracht zu ziehen. Vorgenannte Methode wurde im Sokolov Kohlebecken angewandt, das sich in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zu Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary) befindet; einem weltweit bekannten Thermalkurort im Norden der Tschechischen Republik. Die Thermalquellen selbst sind aufgrund ihrer gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung geschützt. Daher sind im Sokolov Kohlebecken aufgrund der Nähe zu diesen Thermalquellen manche Technologien und Methoden zum Kohlenabbau nur begrenzt einsetzbar. Berechnungen haben jedoch belegt, dass die Karlsbader Wässer etwa 3 % des Grubenwassers ausmachen. Dem Ungleichgewicht in der Grubenwasserzusammensetzung unter Verwendung der bekannten Wassertypen wurde dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass eine „unbekannte Quelle“in das Modell einbezogen wurde. Eine geochemische Modellierung hat gezeigt, dass die Wasserqualität ein Ergebnis geochemischen Reaktionen der Wässer mit der Atmosphäre einerseits und Rücklösung von Ausfällungsprodukten andererseits ist. Diese Ergebnisse wurden verwendet um potentielle technische Maßnahmen zu prüfen, mit denen die Karlsbader Thermalwässer künftig besser geschützt werden können.En ocasiones es necesario cuantificar las diferentes fuentes de agua que entran a una mina, basado en la naturaleza hidroquímica de las aguas de acuíferos particulares que contribuyen al agua de mina. En función de resolver la ecuación general de mezclado, se desarrolló el software KYBL-7; su metodología computacional está basada en el balance de componentes seleccionados de aguas de mina en condiciones de estado estacionario, sin consideración de las reacciones químicas. Esta metodología fue aplicada en la cuenca de carbón Sokolov, situada en la vecindad de Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary), un spa reconocido a nivel mundial ubicado en la parte norte de la República Checa. La tecnología aplicada en la explotación del carbón usada en aquella Cuenca está limitada por su proximidad a los baños termales Carlsbad. Debido a su importancia social y económica, estos baños están protegidos. Los cálculos probaron que las aguas Carlsbad contribuyen aproximadamente con un 3 % del agua de mina. El desbalance en el agua de mina existente al compararlo con las fuentes de agua conocidas fue cuantificado incluyendo una “fuente desconocida” en la simulación de la mezcla. El modelo geoquímico demostró que la calidad del agua es un resultado de las reacciones geoquímicas de aguas en contacto con la atmósfera y la disolución de los precipitados acumulados en las áreas a cielo abierto. Aquellos resultados han sido usados para analizar las medidas técnicas futuras que pueden ser tomadas para proteger las aguas termales Carlsbad.在某些条件下,基于水化学特征定量评价矿井水中各充水水源的比例是非常重要的。文章利用KYBL-7软件求解矿井水混合方程。该软件的求解原理是在不考虑矿井水组份化学反应的前提下,进行矿井水选定组份的物质平衡计算,建立和求解矿井水混合方程。该方法被用于捷克共和国北部著名的温泉城市卡罗维发利(Karlovy Vary,在德语中被称为Carlsbad)附近的Sokolov煤田。Carlsbad温泉具有重要的社会和经济价值而受到保护。Sokolov煤田因为毗邻Carlsbad温泉而煤炭开采技术与方法受到限制。计算表明,Carlsbad温泉水仅占Sokolov矿区矿井水的3%左右。采用在矿井水混合模拟中加入“未知水源”的方法,文章实现矿井水不平衡组分的定量分析,从而达到计算各已知水源混合比例的目的。地球化学模拟结果表明,矿井水水质是水与大气接触发生地球化学反应以及露天煤矿区沉淀物质溶解反应的结果。该研成果已经用于评估Carlsbad温泉未来保护技术措施的可行和有效性。
Starting Page	252
Ending Page	265
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10259112
Journal	Mine Water and the Environment
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16161068
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-06-29
Publisher Institution	International Mine Water Association (IMWA)
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Mine water sources proportions Open-pit coal mining Geochemical modelling Spring flow Water balance Carlsbad/Czech Republic Energy Economics Ecotoxicology Hydrogeology Geology Sedimentology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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